Organizational changes at a postal sorting terminal—their effects upon work satisfaction, psychosomatic complaints and sick leave

This paper describes a longitudinal study evaluating organizational changes at a postal sorting terminal in Sweden. One hundred postal workers were followed up for 1 year after the changes were put in place. Information about psychosocial factors, sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal complaints were collected by questionnaires administered at the onset of the changes and at 8 and 12 months later. Sick leave during the 1-year follow up was compared with that during the year before the changes were introduced. A significant increase in skill discretion and in authority over decisions occurred during the study period. The reported increase in skill discretion and authority over decisions correlated with a reduction in difficulties with sleep and with gastrointestinal complaints. Changes in reported contact with team mates and superiors also correlated with changes in the reporting of sleep difficulties and gastrointestinal complaints. There was a significant reduction in sick leave. The results indicate that the organizational changes improved the quality of work and at the same time reduced sick leave and psychosomatic complaints.     

人群中苏云金杆菌187、1897菌株天然抗体的检测

用“对流免疫电泳法”检测２１７例人群血清中苏云金杆菌１８７、１８９７菌株的天然抗体，阳性率为１８７：１．４％、１８９７：０．９％，其中１２例经常接触这两种微生物的实验室工作人员的血清都为阴性，表明它们对人体均无大的影响．     

中国写意画构图试析

中国写意画独具东方的审美特征,在构图形式上也丰富多变.随着中国画艺术的历史积淀,已经形成一种具有东方形态的构图律.它所构建的是稳固而富有韵律美的整体,是将各种美的元素构成的新格局,也是因立意而拓展开来的排列组合.     

热处理制度对多晶Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变和磁感生应变的影响

本文研究了不同热处理制度对多晶Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga24合金马氏体相变点、室温下材料的显微组织、磁感生应变大小的影响．结果表明：该材料的马氏体相变热滞后与热处理制度有关．随着热处理时间的增长．合金的晶粒变大．合金的磁感生应变也变大．     

Interpersonal Behavior, Peer Popularity, and Self-esteem in Early Adolescence

The present study compared the behavioral correlates of sociometric popularity status and consensual popularity status among a large group of children (N = 778) in their first year of secondary school. By means of self‐report and classmates’ nomination procedures, the relative contribution of the two types of popularity to peer role strain and self‐esteem were investigated. Results indicated large differences in the behavioral correlates of both types of popularity: Sociometric popularity is largely related to cooperative behavior and being perceived as popular. Consensual popularity is highly related to fashion style and being perceived as not boring. The two types of popu‐larity were uniquely related to self‐esteem levels. Consensual popularity was directly linked to social self‐esteem; sociometric popularity appeared to be linked to self‐esteem through the reduction of peer role strain levels. The results are discussed in the light of social psychological theories of dominance and prestige among children.     

软化指数对混凝土断裂过程区尺度的影响

应用Muskhelishvil应力函数全场解,根据幂指数函数描述的混凝土拉应变软化模型导出断裂过程区（FPZ）过程值及临界值的解析表达式,分析了在最大拉应变强度理论下软化指数对FPZ过程值及临界值的影响。结果表明:混凝土FPZ过程值及临界值都随着软化指数的增加而增加,不同泊松比下变化规律相近。     

Trajectory of Influence of Parental Divorce on Children's Heterosexual Relationships

This is a qualitative research study adopting a naturalistic paradigm in exploring the influence of parental divorce on childen's subsequent heterosexual relationship. Numerous studies have been conducted to verify the nature and extent of this influence though most of them adhere to the postivist-empirical tradition. However, the influence of parental divorce on children's subsequent heterosexual relationships is inherently an extremely complex human interactive process which is very difficult, if not impossible, to be understood through a positivist tradition which focuses more on verification rather than understanding. Gathered through a naturalistic paradigm, the data of this study reveal the complexity of the process involved "A trajectory of parental influence on children's heterosexual relationships" is proposed. The understanding of this process sheds light on the long-term effect of parental divorce on children regarding their adult heterosexual relationships. As such, this study bears significant implications for marital therapy to adult children of divorce.     

剪纸艺术工艺流程虚拟交互体验平台开发策略

黄土工程中存在着大量平面应变问题,但目前仍采用常规三轴实验的处理方法,通过对西安理工大学真三轴仪进行改装,实现平面应变实验,对比分析不同含水率、不同固结围压下平面应变实验与常规三轴实验的差异。研究表明：含水率对两种条件下土体的强度影响较大,围压次之;在相同条件下,平面应变条件下土体的强度要明显大于常规三轴下的土体强度,说明以往对平面应变问题的处理偏保守。研究对设计和施工起到了一定的指导作用。     

Al -Zn -Mg -Cu 合金晶格应变场的研究

对热处理后Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的晶格应变场的定量测量,可以较准确地揭示铝合金的强化机理。本文分别使用X射线衍射与会聚束电子衍射技术对在120℃时效处理14小时的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金产生的晶格应变进行测量计算。研究结果表明：通过X射线衍射与会聚束电子衍射测量 Al -Zn -Mg -Cu 合金的有效应力分别为105．44MPa 和110MPa,且会聚束电子衍射可以弥补X射线只能测量平均宏观应变的缺点,实现了铝合金微区晶格应变场的实际测量。这两种方法配合使用,为进一步揭示Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的强化机制奠定了基础。     

Charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour: examining the role of stressors and strain

This study analyses the impact of followers' stress on the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Stressors are distinguished as the objective component of work-stress, and strain as the subjective component of work-stress. It is assumed that stressors will moderate the relationship between charismatic leadership and OCB (Hypothesis 1). In addition, it is hypothesized that followers' strain will mediate the relationship between charismatic leadership and OCB (Hypothesis 2). Results from a study interviewing 142 nurses from three German hospitals confirmed the second hypothesis: followers' strain fully mediated the relationship between charismatic leadership and followers' OCB.