ESTIMATION OF GUARANTEE TIME AND MEAN LIFE AFTER WARRANTY FOR TWO-PARAMETER EXPONENTIAL FAILURE MODEL

Suppose manufactured items have failure times distributed with the two-parameter exponential density function à-^le-(x-μ)/à (x≥μ≥0). The paper considers estimation of the guarantee time μ and mean life after warranty à. Properties of various estimators are given for both separate and simultaneous estimation of μ and à. Criteria for comparing estimators are entropy loss, LINEX loss, and (generalized) Pitman nearness.     

Nurses: Training for new job demands

This paper argues that both the present and future job demands faced by nurses are likely to exceed the resources of the training which is currently provided for them. This argument will be supported by reference to the authors' studies of stress in nursing, as well as a variety of other sources. The common themes underlying reactions to both present and future demands include first, awareness of high stress levels to be found amongst nurses, and second, an emphasis on communication as both the problem and as the proposed solution. Common responses to these two themes are outlined, including training in stress management, and communication training. Some of the problems and unexamined assumptions (for example that hospital management actually wants to lower stress levels and improve communication in nursing) are examined. Some suggestions are made for developing training in health care contexts, to deal more adequately with likely future demands.     

Distribution of multivariate quadratic forms under certain covariance structures

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the covariance structure of all the observations in a multivariate factorial experiment under which certain multivariate quadratic forms are independent and distributed as a constant times a Wishart. It is also shown that exact multivariate test statistics can be formed for certain covariance structures of the observations when the assumption of equal covariance matrices for each normal population is relaxed. A characterization is given for the dependency structure between random vectors in which the sample mean and sample covariance matrix have certain properties.     

天线罩覆盖的波束近轴场

本文根据复射线法对通过介质天线罩的高斯波束场进行近轴近似分析。实空间的轴向复射线追综大大简化了计算过程,而复相位差、反射-传输系数和曲面扩散系数的进一步校正则提供了相当精确的结果。所得数字结果表明,在波束的近轴区域内为获得同样的计算精度,近轴近似法所需要的计算机时间远小于复射线追综法的时间。     

A note on the joint distribution of correlated quadratic forms

In the present paper, the authors obtained exact and asymptotic expressions for the joint distribution of correlated quadratic forms when the underlying distribution is a multivariate normal.     

西方的压力管理理论简述

随着市场竞争的不断加剧,企业管理者及员工均处于多重压力之中。如何才能达到“高绩效,低压力”这一西方压力管理理论所提及的理想管理状态呢?本文重点从压力起因、自我舒解压力及在压力下管理他人的技术等三方面进行系统的探讨。     

企业信息化资源最优配置模型的构建

针对当前能够成功地实施信息化建设的企业较少,企业不能统筹安排好信息化投入资源的状况,对企业信息化投入资源进行了分类,并基于BPR的思想对企业部门进行了整合,运用模糊理论建立了企业信息化资源最优配置模型,为企业在不同部门间合理分配信息化投入提供参考．     

资信评估中违约率的度量及应用

首先讨论了违约率在资信评估中的意义,接着提出了违约率的度量方法以及考虑其他因素时的违约率调整,最后给出了违约率在资信评估中的应用。     

Interdisciplinary Insights on Nonverbal Responses within Attachment Relationships

As an extension of the thinking of Schachner, Shaver, and Mikulincer [2005, Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29], it is suggested that other disciplines (e.g., evolutionary psychology, social neuroscience) provide guidance with respect to factors that may influence nonverbal behavior within attachment relationships. An integration of biological and cognitive approaches provides a more complete understanding of the routes through which, and the extent to which, there is continuity between attachment processes in parent–child and adult relationships. As a specific illustration drawn from parent–child relationships, consideration is given to the cognitive biases more common among depressed or abusive mothers, and the resultant consequences for insecure attachment—as mediated by physiological stress responses and the ineffective communication processes that follow from those responses.     

我国贫富差距的形成原因及其与分配原则的关系

我国贫富差距形成的主要原因是:一方面,存在历史遗留以及政策失误而形成的以农村为主的数量极大、且难以短期脱困的贫困人口;另一方面,存在大量由体制外、特别是法制外获得收入而形成的最富裕阶层,从而极大地提高了基尼系数。阐明了市场经济体制下的分配原则只能是按生产要素分配,该原则在我国当前远未充分实现,因此,也不是形成贫富差距过大的主要原因。分配的公平性不是市场、而是政府所应考虑的问题,政府应通过增加改善基本民生的资金,通过财政转移支付制度、税收制度等途径在再分配领域中进行调节,其重要前提则是政府职能的转换,树立以人为本的服务职能。