幼儿园教师幸福感调查分析——以河南安阳市幼儿园为例

通过对幼儿教师幸福感现状、影响因素及其关系进行调查分析，得出幼儿教师的幸福感水平一般；她们最在意家庭的温馨、身体的健康、精神生活的充实等；感到不幸福的主要因素有家长不理解、薪酬低等；感到幸福的主要因素有幼儿的天真、无邪、家长、领导的支持和肯定等;并且在幼儿园地域、级别、规模和发展机会、工作压力和收入满意度上存在显著差异。最后根据研究的结果提出了合理性的建议。     

Humanitarian response and stress in Kenya: gendered problems and their implications

ABSTRACT

Stress-related conditions such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder are a growing concern in the humanitarian sector. Aid workers themselves report not only that mental health problems are common, but that the support they receive from their employers is insufficient. Problematically, the experience of the international aid worker – particularly those who are white and from the global North – is often foregrounded in explaining what constitutes stress and related mental health problems. This indicates a wider problem of what is required of ‘the perfect humanitarian’ – a personality that is gendered and racialised – and how this influences the different experiences and treatment of national and international staff from aid agencies. This article explores the organisational culture and working conditions of humanitarian settings and their impact on the mental health and well-being of staff. It argues that there is a structural dimension to stress that is less to do with external security threats and more to do with the specific infrastructure, policies, and practices of humanitarian operations, with implications for aid workers which cut across dimensions of race, gender, and nationality.     

Societal Inequality and individual subjective well-being: Results from 68 societies and over 200,000 individuals, 1981–2008

Income inequality has been contentious for millennia, a source of political conflict for centuries, and is now widely feared as a pernicious “side effect” of economic progress. But equality is only a means to an end and so must be evaluated by its consequences. The fundamental question is: What effect does a country's level of income inequality have on its citizens' quality of life, their subjective well-being? We show that in developing nations inequality is certainly not harmful but probably beneficial, increasing well-being by about 8 points out of 100. This may well be Kuznets's inverted “U”: In the earliest stages of development some are able to move out of the (poorly paying) subsistence economy into the (better paying) modern economy; their higher pay increases their well-being while simultaneously increasing inequality. In advanced nations, income inequality on average neither helps nor harms. Estimates are from random-intercept fixed-effects multi-level models, confirmed by over four dozen sensitivity tests. Data are from the pooled World Values/European Values Surveys, Waves 1 to 5 with 169 representative national samples in 68 nations, 1981 to 2009, and over 200,000 respondents, replicated and extended in the European Quality of Life Surveys.     

Long-term consequences of youth volunteering: Voluntary versus involuntary service

Despite the renewed interest in youth volunteering in recent years, there remain major gaps in our knowledge of its consequences. Drawing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine the long-term effects of youth volunteering on the civic and personal aspects of volunteers’ lives. Our results suggest that youth volunteering has a positive return on adult volunteering only when it is voluntary, and that net of contextual factors neither voluntary nor involuntary youth service has a significant effect on adult voting. Regarding personal outcomes, our findings indicate that the psychological benefits of youth volunteering accrue only to voluntary participants, whereas both voluntary and involuntary youth service are positively associated with educational attainment and earnings in young adulthood. Taken together, these results lend support to the case for youth volunteer programs, though the civic benefits of these programs appear to be less dramatic than generally suggested.     

Permanently online and permanently connected: Taiwanese university students’ attachment style,mobile phone usage,and well-being

Taiwan has been the top country worldwide in terms of its adoption and use of mobile phones. This study explores the permanently online (PO) and permanently connected (PC) phenomenon in mobile phone use among Taiwanese university students. It seeks to determine whether attachment styles are a distinctive factor that influences PO and PC (POPC) behavior and leads to various levels of well-being. The results of this study provide initial evidence that Taiwanese users highly depend on their mobile phones for PC and PO activities but perceive that being permanently connected causes interpersonal stress. Although the findings showed that all styles were positively associated with PO, only the secure and anxious styles predicted PC. Regarding mobile phone activities, the avoidant attachment style was not associated with any activities, the secure attachment style was positively associated with online and voice communication as well as information-seeking activities, and the anxious attachment style was associated only with voice communication. Furthermore, attachment styles lead to various levels of interpersonal stress through PO and PC behavior. The anxious style interacts with PO on interpersonal stress. This study provides evidence that attachment style is a significant antecedent of POPC and its consequences in mobile phone usage.     

人—工作匹配对员工工作幸福感的作用机制研究

基于社会交换理论,通过对209名员工2个时点的配对问卷调查,探讨了人—工作匹配和工作幸福感的关系及其作用机制,尤其是工作卷入的中介作用和工作技能的调节作用。结果发现:人—工作匹配对工作幸福感具有显著的正向作用;工作卷入在人—工作匹配和工作幸福感之间起部分中介作用;工作技能在人—工作匹配和工作卷入之间起调节作用,即工作技能水平越高,人—工作匹配对工作卷入的正向影响越强。     

代际支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响--基于年龄组的差异性分析

本文从年龄组差异的角度分析了代际支持对老年人心理健康的影响。研究发现，在控制了客观健康状况等变量后，老年人的心理健康水平并非随着年龄增长呈现出下降趋势。其次，接受代际支持和给予代际支持都对老年人心理健康有着显著的促进作用。第三，对于不同年龄组来说，代际支持对老年人心理健康产生的效果既有共同点也存在着差异。相似之处在于充足的经济支持对65－74岁、75－84岁和85岁及以上这三个年龄组老人的心理健康都是有利的。然而，更突出的是这三个年龄组之间的相异点：对于65－74岁这一组别而言，老人与子女之间的经济交换最为频繁。这种经济上的互惠提升了老人的积极情绪、抑制了消极情绪的产生。就75－84岁的老年人来说，子女在日常照料的作用表现的十分显著。和子女共同居住、在生病时由子女照料的老人表现出更少的消极情绪。至于85岁以上的高龄老人，得到充足的情感支持对于提升主观幸福感的作用更为显著；最先和子女分享想法的老人有着更高的心理健康水平。因此就现实状况来看，当父母逐渐衰老，作为子女，应当更加关注对父母的日常照护和情感关怀。尤其是对于这些高龄老人，他们对子女的情感态度更为敏感；子女提供的充足的情感支持对其心理健康有着十分显著的促进作用。     

Parental divorce, sibship size, family resources, and children’s academic performance

Using data from 19,839 adolescents from the National Education Longitudinal Study, this study investigates whether the effects of parental divorce on adolescents’ academic test performance vary by sibship size. Analyses show that the negative effect of divorce on adolescent performance attenuates as sibship size increases. On the other side of the interaction, the inverse relationship between sibship size and test performance is weaker in disrupted than in two-biological-parent families. Trends of such interactions are evident when sibship size is examined either as a continuous or a categorical measure. Finally, the observed interactions on adolescents’ academic performance are completely explained by variations in parental financial, human, cultural, and social resources. In sum, this study underlines the importance of treating the effect of parental divorce as a variable and calls for more research to identify child and family features that may change the magnitude of such an effect.     

青海话中的词缀"头"

青海话中的词缀“头”除了有与汉语普通话词缀“头”相同的特点外,还能够放在动词词根和形容词词根语素的后面,构成一个新的名词,表示某事是否值得做或必要性的主观评价,也可以指对象或状态;这种方式构成的名词是一个开放的系统,只存在于具体语境之中。文章还进一步探讨了这种用法的起源,并与其它方言中的词缀“头”作了对比分析。