授益行政领域个人义务研究

授益行政是满足公民生存权和受益权的重要行政类型.生存权和受益权对应的义务主体不仅限于国家与政府,他人和受益人本人同样负有不可推卸的义务.厘清他人与受益人义务的理由、属性和内容.对确保授益行政理论的先进性极为重要.     

Estimation of the joint survival function for three successive duration times under double truncation and right censoring

In incident cohort studies, it is common to include subjects who have experienced a certain event within a calendar time window. For all the included individuals, the time of the previous events is retrospectively confirmed and the occurrence of subsequent events is observed during the follow-up periods. During the follow-up periods, subjects may undergo three successive events. Since the second/third duration process becomes observable only if the first/second event has occurred, the data is subject to double truncation and right censoring. We consider two cases: the case when the first event time is subject to double truncation and the case when the second event time is subject to double truncation. Using the inverse-probability-weighted approach, we propose nonparametric and semiparametric estimators for the estimation of the joint survival function of three successive duration times. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and conduct a simulation study to investigate the finite sample properties of the proposed estimators.     

Biometric technology and beneficiary rights in social protection programmes

Over the past decade, the use of biometric technology in the identification and authentication of beneficiaries of social protection programmes has increased. However, there has been little debate among governments, donors and civil society organizations on the potential implications of this technology in relation to the inclusion of the most vulnerable sectors of the population, as well as for the protection of privacy and personal data. This article aims to fill that gap. First, the article reviews how biometric technology is used in various social protection programmes around the world. Then, it examines the potential risks and challenges of deploying biometric technology in social protection programmes. Finally, it assesses the requirements necessary to ensure that biometric technology is implemented in compliance with international law standards. The focus is on developing countries, where the use of biometric technology in identification systems has increased considerably in recent years. Among the key conclusions of the article is that the adoption of biometric technology, often encouraged by donors, needs to be preceded by democratic debate where all alternatives are discussed. The adoption of this technology should be accompanied by a context‐specific assessment of risks, and the adoption of an appropriate legal and institutional framework to protect rights and ensure that the most vulnerable and disadvantaged members of the population are not excluded.     

The $74,973 Question: Are Medicare Beneficiaries Informed Users of Private Medical Care Contracts?

Health-care providers are allowed to opt-out of Medicare, privately contract with beneficiaries, and require that beneficiaries pay the full cost of services. Responses from a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries reveal that they lack the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions regarding such contracts. For example, only 4.6% of participants knew the correct answer to a real-life $74,973 question, leaving a full 95.4% vulnerable to paying a large bill, even a $74,973 bill, they should not pay. In addition to advocating that Medicare effectively monitor private medical care contracts, social workers should educate beneficiaries and/or their caregivers on the implications of entering into such contracts or refer them to their State Health Insurance Assistance Program or Senior Medicare Patrol program for expert guidance.     

Some effective combinations of available information under non response in two-occasion successive sampling

The present work suggests some effective linear combinations of exponential estimators to estimate the current population mean in two occasion successive sampling in presence of non response. Using the subsampling technique of non respondents, estimation procedures have been developed by utilizing information on an auxiliary variable, which is readily available on both occasions. Properties of the proposed estimation procedures have been examined and related optimum replacement strategies are suggested. Empirical studies are carried out to justify the preposition of estimators. Suitable recommendations have been made.     

明状元黄观“三元”考辨

明洪武二十四年（1391年）辛未科状元黄观“三元天下有,六首世间无”的说法在科举史上一直是个谜团,不同的朝代、版本、专家均有争议。文章从黄观的出生历史、科考记录以及明代科举制度的变迁出发,发掘新材料,提出新观点,重新考辨黄观“连中三元”的史迹。     

信托制度中受托人对外责任的比较研究

美国《统一信托法》《信托法重述》第3版、日本2006年修订的《信托法》等,都规定了受托人的对外限定责任,与传统的受托人对外责任的规定有了重大改变。中国信托法没有明确规定受托人对外承担何种责任,而在信托承担投资功能时,限定受托人的对外责任是确有必要的。参照他国现有相关法律规定,在我国信托法的语境下受托人应对外承担无限责任。     

论《围城》讽刺内涵的多重性

《围城》不是一部普通意义的讽刺小说 ,它蕴含了社会讽刺、文化讽刺、人生讽刺三个方面复杂的内涵 ,角度不同 ,层次也依次递进。它是一部描写社会人生的百科全书 ,也是一部揭示人生真谛的“哲学”著作     

非线性规划一般约束条件的SQP方法

提出了一种新的处理等式和不等式约束条件优化问题的SQP方法，计算过程中每一步迭代只需解一个二次规划。在一定条件下，证明了算法的全局和二步超线性收敛性，其优点是具有较小的计算量，避免了Maratos现象的发生。     

伊斯兰继承法学及其法理思想刍议

伊斯兰继承法学理论确立于 9世纪经训学家对伊斯兰教法的系统化研究时期。伊斯兰遗产继承法以私法的形式完整地存在于阿拉伯半岛内外的穆斯林世界。由于其理论源于《古兰经》明文具体而精确的客观标准 ,故其理论原则、基本概念和贯穿始终的主导法理思想几乎是恒定的