Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.

Nonparametric and semiparametric estimation of the three way receiver operating characteristic surface

In many situations the diagnostic decision is not limited to a binary choice. Binary statistical tools such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) need to be expanded to address three-category classification problem. Previous authors have suggest various ways to model the extension of AUC but not the ROC surface. Only simple parametric approaches are proposed for modeling the ROC measure under the assumption that test results all follow normal distributions. We study the estimation methods of three-dimensional ROC surfaces with nonparametric and semiparametric estimators. Asymptotical results are provided as a basis for statistical inference. Simulation studies are performed to assess the validity of our proposed methods in finite samples. We consider an Alzheimer's disease example from a clinical study in the US as an illustration. The nonparametric and semiparametric modelling approaches for the three way ROC analysis can be readily generalized to diagnostic problems with more than three classes.     

双液注浆锚管加固在渗水软弱围岩浅埋偏压隧道中的应用

通过乌坑坝隧道北京端左线冲沟地段的施工实例，介绍渗水软弱围岩浅埋偏压隧道地表双液注浆锚管加固的施工方法，并对加固效果及其优缺点进行分析．     

虚拟机软件在中职网络教学和实训中的应用

随着全国中等职业学校计算机技能大赛的举办,中职学校网络实训环境发生了改变,虚拟机软件在网络教学中得到了广泛的应用.通过虚拟机软件可以建立虚拟化的实训环境,模拟真实的计算机系统.使用虚拟机软件既可以克服教学资源和设备不足的困难,又可以解决实训时长不足,完成真实环境难以实现的实训任务,保证网络教学和实训的顺利进行.     

On Second-Order A-, D- and E-Minimax Designs for Estimating Slopes in Extrapolation and Restricted Interpolation Regions

Summary

The concepts of D-, A- and E-minimax optimality criteria of designs for estimating the slopes of a response surface are considered for situations where the region of interest may not be identical to the experimental region. Optimal second-order designs are derived for the situation where the experimental region and the region of interest are both hyperspherical with a common centre. The dependence of the optimal design on the relative sizes of the regions is investigated. Further, the perfomance of designs optimal for one region in estimating slopes in other regions is also examined.     

Sensitivity studies of air scattered neutron dose from particle accelerators

Sensitivity analysis of air scattered neutron dose at several distances from a particle accelerator with respect to shield thickness and neutron yield distributions has been carried out. We illustrate the successful use of Response Surface Methodology in studying the behaviour of the sensitivity coefficients for main effects and interaction terms. A comparison of the full six factor design and the orthogonal Central Composite Design has been made. The overhead shield is found to be the most sensitive parameter followed by the high energy part of the neutron energy distribution.     

基于DirectX的气象雷达实时显示技术研究

提出了一种在Windows操作系统下的图像实时显示新型方法,该方法充分应用DirectX的更好的兼容性和更有效的图形加速特性,使用多缓存区进行图像数据存储、实时插值和边缘平滑处理、绘画和页面翻转的技术.以上技术使得气象回波的PPI和RHI显示更逼真地复现了天气的实时变化情况,并且显著地改进了系统的实时处理性能.实验结果证明了使用该技术的有效性和可行性.     

新型水泥混凝土路面修补材料的研究现状与展望

通过对水泥混凝土路面损坏原因的分析，阐述路面修补材料的性能要求，说明路面修补材料在国内外 的研究现状及存在的问题，提出新型水泥混凝土路面修补材料的发展方向．     

碱改性高岭土的吸油性能研究

利用NaOH浸提高温煅烧的高岭土,考察了碱的浓度、碱与高岭土的比例、反应温度和反应时间等因素对高岭土改性后吸油性能的影响,采用DTA-TG、XRD、BET、SEM、TEM等方法对碱改性高岭土的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,3 mol/L NaOH以碱土比6 mL/g在90℃下处理高岭土2h后,所得改性高岭土的吸油值大幅度提高,这归因于碱改性高岭土后平均孔径得到提高,孔分布更为集中,孔洞数量和比表面积大大增加。     

Construction of New Three-Level Response Surface Designs

Response surface methodology is widely used for developing, improving, and optimizing processes in various fields. In this article, we present a method for constructing three-level designs in order to explore and optimize response surfaces combining orthogonal arrays and covering arrays in a particular manner. The produced designs achieve the properties of rotatability, predictive performance and efficiency for the estimation of a second-order model.