天鹅洲湿地麋鹿自然保护区动物资源调查

麋鹿 (Elaphurusdavidianus)在天鹅洲湿地麋鹿自然保护区自然繁殖成功。该地共有 2 3目 5 0科 10 2种陆生脊椎动物 ,其中鸟类 14目 33科 72种 ,兽类 6目 8科 13种 ,两栖类 1目 3科 5种 ,爬行类 2目 6科 12种 ;国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物 5种 ,Ⅱ级 10种。     

Socio‐phonetics and social change: Deracialisation of the GOOSE vowel in South African English1

This paper examines the degree of sociolinguistic change in the English of young middle‐class South Africans of different ethnic backgrounds in relation to new post‐apartheid opportunities and friendships. Once tightly controlled, social networks of young people of middle‐class background are now deracialising. The paper examines whether young people of the major ethnic groups, Black, Coloured and Indian, are simply adopting prestige White middle‐class norms, adapting them or resisting change. Forty‐eight speakers were analysed within a Labovian framework in relation to the goose vowel (long /u/or /uw/). Over 4000 tokens were analysed acoustically using PRAAT and compared via vowel normalisation procedures based on Watt and Fabricius (2003) . The results show that middle‐class speakers of the three ethnicities are fronting the vowel, but in different ways. Black speakers show the greatest accommodation to erstwhile White norms. Females show greater resistance among Coloureds and Indians, but overall it is the Black females of the study who approximate most closely to the norms of the White reference group of their gender.