The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty

Many authors have insisted on the necessity of defining poverty as a multidimensional concept rather than relying on income or consumption expenditures per capita. Yet, not much has actually been done to include the various dimensions of deprivation into the practical definition and measurement of poverty. Existing attempts along that direction consist of aggregating various attributes into a single index through some arbitrary function and defining a poverty line and associated poverty measures on the basis of that index. This is merely redefining more generally the concept of poverty, which then essentially remains a one dimensional concept. The present paper suggests that an alternative way to take into account the multi-dimensionality of poverty is to specify a poverty line for each dimension of poverty and to consider that a person is poor if he/she falls below at least one of these various lines. The paper then explores how to combine these various poverty lines and associated one-dimensional gaps into multidimensional poverty measures. An application of these measures to the rural population in Brazil is also given with poverty defined on income and education.     

关于贫困问题的社会保障学分析

贫困问题由来已久,它与社会保障的产生和发展有着十分密切的关系.运用社会保障学这一在经济学、政治学、社会学等多学科基础上发展起来的、独立的、交叉的、处于应用层次的社会科学来分析贫困问题,为理解"贫困"的概念与成因提供了一种新的视角,同时可以借助社会保障学来分析社会保障在缓解、预防贫困方面的重大作用以及社会保障与"贫困陷阱"的关系.通过对这些问题的理解与分析,有助于认识社会保障在应对贫困问题方面的积极作用及可能产生的消极作用,为我国最大程度地发挥社会保障的缓解及预防贫困的作用,同时避免"贫困陷阱"提供一些启示.     

是经济贫困还是文化贫困?--评第三届鲁迅文学奖中篇小说《好大一对羊》

云南昭通市作家夏天敏的中篇小说<好大一对羊>的深刻之处,是作者对红土高原农民生命处境的烦扰窘困背后的文化贫困进行思考,可作为当下中国贫困山区人们生存状态、思维方式、价值取向的批判性文本.作品在揭露扶贫工作中存在的形式主义、官僚主义给当地群众带来灾难的同时,揭示出来自农民思想意识深处的文化贫困.从而使读者认识到,对贫困地区的扶贫不仅仅是经济上的扶贫,更为重要的是文化上的扶贫.     

海南省贫困地区农村经济实力要素研究

分析了贫困地区农村综合经济实力和影响海南省贫困地区农村综合经济实力的主要因素 ,以及贫困状况与农村综合经济形成要素的相互关系。研究结果表明了农业支出(发展 )资金和劳动力的能力是贫困县市最薄弱的环节。因此 ,如何提高贫困县市的农业发展资金和劳动力能力 ,是未来贫困县市农村经济的工作重点。     

全球视野内的中国贫困问题研究

中国贫困问题的研究应顺应贫困研究国际趋势其中国贫困走向进行相应调整,即顺应贫困演变趋势,从研究绝对贫困向研究相对贫困转化;改变政策取向,从关注集体贫困向关注个体贫困转化;拓宽研究范围,从研究物质贫困向人文贫困转化;转变研究方法,从一般经济学分析拓宽到制度经济学分析。在对策设计上,应从加强反贫困制度建设、实行瞄准贫困人口的扶贫政策、缩小收入差距和关注人文贫困等方面加以考虑。     

工科特困生心理素质的调查分析

采用卡特尔 16PF(8种人格因素分析 )量表及问卷调查 ,对工科特困生的心理素质的具体表现进行调查分析 ,并对其形成原因作出探讨 ,同时提出教育和管理方面的对策     

The State, Institutional Transition and the Creation of New Urban Poverty in China

Since the 1990s, the introduction of a market economy and the process of rapid urbanization have been accompanied by a new urban poverty related to lay‐offs and unemployment as well as by large‐scale rural–urban migration, which is different from the traditional urban poverty of the ‘Three Nos’ (no relatives or dependants, no working capacity and no source of income). This article focuses on new urban poverty in China under market transition and discusses the causes of poverty creation. Instead of considering Chinese new urban poverty only as a result of market mechanisms, it argues that the state as the manipulator of institutions and policies does matter in the creation of new urban poverty, and that the cleavages between the old and new institutions further intensify it. Specifically, the following aspects of the creation of new urban poverty are examined in detail: the adjustment of industrial policy, the reform of state‐owned enterprises, evolution of the household registration system, and the transformation of the welfare state.     

The Role of Family Income in the Intergenerational Association of AFDC Receipt

Daughters from low‐income families who did not receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) are compared to daughters from low‐income families who did receive assistance to better account for family income in the intergenerational association of AFDC. The research models the timing of a daughter's first birth and, for those who become mothers, the number of years a daughter receives any AFDC. Women whose families received AFDC during their childhood are more likely to receive AFDC as adults relative to those women whose families did not receive AFDC. Controlling for family income in a more careful and comprehensive way than past research explains part but not all of the effects of childhood AFDC receipt. Among daughters from chronically poor families, however, parental AFDC use is not associated with additional years of AFDC participation. Although the present research cannot confirm or deny a causal role for parental welfare use, the intergenerational transmission of financial resources does explain part of the intergenerational association of welfare use.     

农业贸易自由化、贫困和粮食安全：印度的经验

回顾了印度独立后农业发展所经历的四个阶段，并对这期间农业政策取得的成就和存在的主要问题进行了总结。重点探讨了印度贸易自由化改革的经验及其对农业增长、贫困削减和粮食安全的影响。研究发现，农业贸易自由化改革促进了农业的发展，并使农业内部的生产结构向增加高附加值产品生产的方向转变；贫困人口和贫困发生率在不断下降；在粮食安全方面，人们的粮食物质上的可获性已经得到满足，粮食经济上的可获性也随着PDS的实施和居民收入水平的不断提高而得到了一定的改善。