我国非营利组织税收优惠法律制度完善的研究

我国为鼓励非营利组织的发展,为捐赠人和非营利组织自身都制定了一系列税收优惠措施。但是现阶段的税收优惠制度存在的诸多不足不能满足我国非营利组织的发展要求。我国应从合理区分非营利组织性质,对非营利组织的营利收入予以合理免税、改进捐赠激励机制等方面完善非营利组织的税收优惠法律制度,以便实现非营利组织的可持续发展。     

个人工薪所得税问题研究

根据税收公平的原则,对目前个人所得税工薪所得税费用扣除标准和计算方法等存在的缺失进行分析,避免因缴税方法或计算而造成税赋的不公平。通过定量计算,提出新的个人工薪所得税计算方法,以期完善个税制度,有效预防涉税案件的发生。     

Estimation on Varying-Coefficient Partially Linear Model With Different Smoothing Variables

The authors give the estimation on the varying-coefficient partially linear regression model with different smoothing variables. The efficient estimators of the intercept function and the coefficient functions are obtained by a one-step back-fitting technique based on their initial estimators given by local linear technique and the averaged method. Furthermore, their asymptotic normalities are given. Some simulation studies are used to illustrate the performances of the estimation.     

A frequency domain comparison of estimation methods for gaussian fields

This paper demonstrates that well-known parameter estimation methods for Gaussian fields place different emphasis on the high and low frequency components of the data. As a consequence, the relative importance of the frequencies under the objective of the analysis should be taken into account when selecting an estimation method, in addition to other considerations such as statistical and computational efficiency. The paper also shows that when noise is added to the Gaussian field, maximum pseudolikelihood automatically sets the smoothing parameter of the model equal to one. A simulation study then indicates that generalised cross-validation is more robust than maximum likelihood un-

der model misspecification in smoothing and image restoration problems. This has implications for Bayesian procedures since these use the same weightings of the frequencies as the likelihood.     

Automatic locally adaptive smoothing for tree-based set estimation

Tree-based methods similar to CART have recently been utilized for problems in which the main goal is to estimate some set of interest. It is often the case that the boundary of the true set is smooth in some sense, however tree-based estimates will not be smooth, as they will be a union of ‘boxes’. We propose a general methodology for smoothing such sets that allows for varying levels of smoothness on the boundary automatically. The method is similar to the idea underlying support vector machines, which is applying a computationally simple technique to data after a non-linear mapping to produce smooth estimates in the original space. In particular, we consider the problem of level-set estimation for regression functions and the dyadic tree-based method of Willett and Nowak [Minimax optimal level-set estimation, IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16 (2007), pp. 2965–2979].     

试析发达国家的产业废弃物税收制度

近年来,日本等众多发达国家为了鼓励企业参与资源的循环利用,减少生产活动对环境带来的负面影响,普遍开征了产业废弃物税。本文结合日本的具体经验评析了各种类型的产业废弃物税对产业废弃物排放抑制效果的优劣,以期为构筑符合我国的相关税收制度的选择提供指导。     

Linking aggregate production planning with marketing pricing decisions

In this paper, we link production planning decisions to marketing decisions that involve the price of product groups. The focus of this paper is the development of a closed-loop procedure for aggregate production planning and pricing. We seek to satisfy uncertain demand while minimizing total costs that include material, labour, and inventory holding costs. The procedure is useful for variable demand to update short-term aggregate plans.     

Differential equation models for statistical functions

Differential equations have been used in statistics to define functions such as probability densities. But the idea of using differential equation formulations of stochastic models has a much wider scope. The author gives several examples, including simultaneous estimation of a regression model and residual density, monotone smoothing, specification of a link function, differential equation models of data, and smoothing over complicated multidimensional domains. This paper aims to stimulate interest in this approach to functional estimation problems, rather than provide carefully worked out methods.     

谈谈不动产登记制度

不动产登记制度在物权法中占有重要的地位。与形式登记主义相比,实质登记主义更有助于发挥不动产登记的功能。在此基础上,应当确认不动产登记的司法性;相应地,不动产登记应当由特定司法机关统一承担;确立完善而全面的不动产登记种类,以充分发挥不动产登记的积极作用。     

公共财政框架下的农村税费改革

建立公共财政体制是我国财政体制改革的重点,农村税费改革也必须以公共财政框架下的"纳税公平、征税公正、用税公开"的税收理念为指导思想向前推进。本文从公共财政角度审视了目前进行的农村税费改革,分析了其中所存在的与公共财政税收理念相悖的两个主要问题:农民税收负担与其享受的公共产品存在严重的不对等;税费关系不协调、税费关系不清。提出了公共财政框架下深化农村税费改革的基本思路:改革现行农业税制、统一城乡税制;将农村公共产品纳入财政的供给范围,对农民实行"国民待遇";理顺税费关系,建立基层政府收入的新机制;加快县乡公共财政建设,稳步推进配套改革。