On comparing several straight lines under heteroscedasticity and robustness with respect to departure from normality

This article considers the problem of testing slopes in k straight lines with'heterogeneous variances. The statistic Fβ is proposed and the null and non-null distributions of Fβ derived under normality assumption. The power function values are then approximated by Laguerre polynomial expansion for normal and non-normal universes. For the example given in Graybill ‘1976, p. 295’, it is shown that the Satterthwaite approximation provides a close approximation to the null and non-null distributions in all the cases; it is also shown that the Fβ test is quite robust with respect to departure from normality in the case of mixtures of two normals.     

Multivariate two‐sample permutation tests for trials with multiple time‐to‐event outcomes

Clinical trials involving multiple time‐to‐event outcomes are increasingly common. In this paper, permutation tests for testing for group differences in multivariate time‐to‐event data are proposed. Unlike other two‐sample tests for multivariate survival data, the proposed tests attain the nominal type I error rate. A simulation study shows that the proposed tests outperform their competitors when the degree of censored observations is sufficiently high. When the degree of censoring is low, it is seen that naive tests such as Hotelling's T² outperform tests tailored to survival data. Computational and practical aspects of the proposed tests are discussed, and their use is illustrated by analyses of three publicly available datasets. Implementations of the proposed tests are available in an accompanying R package.     

清末庚子事变中各派系忠君与爱国观念解析

清末庚子事变中义和团出于朴素的爱国主义情感,逐教民、攻教堂、抗联军;统治阶级内部则分化为两大派系,抚团排外派昧于世界大势,他们"恃人心以立国"貌似冠冕堂皇的主张,多出于守旧心理,更有"大阿哥党"乃为一己之私利,拿国运作赌,爱国理应与他们无涉;剿团和洋派从事理出发,或建议或抗争,甚或还有丢掉性命者,然终不能影响清廷抚团排外的决策,他们有心爱国,无力报国。庚子事变中各派爱国之心意境不同,显然有高下之分。     

On the Bivariate Kummer-Beta Type IV Distribution

Recent studies have shown the X-bar control chart with variable sampling interval detects shifts in the process mean faster than the traditional X-bar chart. These studies are usually based on the assumption that the process data are independently and normally distributed. However, many situations in practice violate these assumptions. In this study, a methodology is developed to economically design a variable sampling interval X-bar control chart that takes into consideration correlated non normal sample data. An example is provided to illustrate the solution procedure. A sensitivity analysis on the input parameters (i.e., the cost and the process parameters) is performed taking into account the non normality and the correlation on the optimal design of the chart.     

Evaluation of alternative confidence intervals to address non-inferiority through the stratified difference between proportions

The confidence interval (CI) for the difference between two proportions has been an important and active research topic, especially in the context of non-inferiority hypothesis testing. Issues concerning the Type 1 error rate, power, coverage rate and aberrations have been extensively studied for non-stratified cases. However, stratified confidence intervals are frequently used in non-inferiority trials and similar settings. In this paper, several methods for stratified confidence intervals for the difference between two proportions, including existing methods and novel extensions from unstratified CIs, are evaluated across different scenarios. When sparsity across the strata is not a concern, adding imputed observations to the stratification analysis can strengthen Type-1 error control without substantial loss of power. When sparseness of data is a concern, most of the evaluated methods fail to control Type-1 error; the modified stratified t-test CI is an exception. We recommend the modified stratified t-test CI as the most useful and flexible method across the respective scenarios; the modified stratified Wald CI may be useful in settings where sparsity is unlikely. These findings substantially contribute to the application of stratified CIs for non-inferiority testing of differences between two proportions.     

An experimental investigation into perceptions of disrespect during interpersonal conflict

Perceptions of disrespect are central to everyday life. Despite the importance of disrespect across various social arenas, prior research has failed to empirically examine the factors influencing these perceptions. This problem is magnified when considering that perceptions or disrespect may vary across individuals and social situations alike. Drawing from theories of social geometry and symbolic interaction, this study examines the individual and situational characteristics that inform perceptions of disrespect. Using factorial vignettes, and a large sample of students, respondents were asked to assess actors in various conflicts. Results from a series of hierarchical linear models show that perceptions of disrespect vary across individuals. The content of situations appears to drive perceptions of disrespect more than individual characteristics. Implications for future research on disrespect are discussed.     

两周金文并列连词初探

两周金文中能肯定用为并列连词者有“暨、及、雩、以、与、[虘又]（且）、而、兼、又、唯”十词。从用法看,这些词可分为三类。一类是“又”,主要连接整数和零数,多用于计时的场合;一类是“[虘又]（且）”,主要连接形容词,基本只见于四字韵文中;其余各词主要连接名词或名词性成分,表现出用法上的一致性。从出现频率看,除了“又”用例很多,“暨”略多见外,其他各词都很少见,表明两周金文中的并列连词尚处于形成发展的过程中。出现时间上,“暨、雩、以、又、唯”只见于或主要见于西周时期,“及”主要见于春秋时期,“且、而、与、兼”只见于东周时期,表现出较为明显的时间性差异。     

皮日休与郑愚关系献疑

唐末竟陵籍作家皮日休与广州籍显宦郑愚之间属于座主门弟子关系,但他们个性、人生观等多方面存在着一些差异,在一些细节问题上发生过一定的误会和摩擦,本应亲密而转为隔膜.从皮、郑关系的考察中,可以看出皮日休的辩才、急智、桀骜不驯的性格,唐末文人风尚也可藉此而见一斑.     

屠格涅夫的诗学——文学创作略论

屠格涅夫是享誉世界的经典作家,对文学的创作过程具有自己独特的理解.他提出了作家应是两种才能的统一和融合、作家是"隐蔽的心理学家"、文学创作要感受诗意等文学创作理论,并在自己一生的创作过程中实践和丰富了其文学创作论.     

百年有成：论南社研究的传承与新变

本文对百年南社与南社研究进行了回顾与总结,提出要开掘南社的整体价值,并对南社研究的前景作了乐观的展望。