Empirical bayes estimation of functionals of unknown probability measures

The empirical Dayes approach to one and two sal-npie problcrns has beeir considered by Korwar and Hollander (1976), Holiander and Korwar (1976) and Phadia and Susarla (1979). In this article we essen- tially generalize their empirical Bayes results by replacing the inlicaro-functions of. the sets (?∞,x) and {X≦Y} by arbitrary mea5, irable functions h(x) and h(x,y). More speclfically, the ernpiricaion yes estimation of esrimabie paramerers of degree one ani KG,I;ti kliown probability measure Pon (R,R) is considered. The asymptotic optimality of the these estimators, obtaining the exact risk expressions, is established. Also the results of Dalal and Phad (1983) we extended to the estimation of an estimable parametric function of an unknow probability measure P on (R² , B²)     

对职工持股的理论探讨

职工持股理论源于美国经济学家路易斯·凯尔索等人提出的二元经济学理论。职工持股计划在一定程度上改变了职工在企业中的地位 ,即从雇员变为所有者 ,使职工更积极地关心企业生产 ,参与企业管理 ,是一种广为人知的激励方案。职工持股制度体现了企业管理的民主化趋势 ,是顺应社会发展、市场经济以及现代化管理的发展而出现的 ,是人类社会创造的共同财富。我国的企业职工持股是在改革中产生的 ,应从具体的国情和企业实际出发 ,不断加以改进和完善我国的职工持股制度。     

《广雅疏证》所涉"正反同词"现象成因探析

<广雅疏证>所涉及的"正反同词"现象的最重要的形成原因,是由词义性质和词义范围产生的词义引申.由词义性质引申形成正反同词,其内在理据是"义相反而实相因",其具体方式是相关代用和相因推演.由词义范围引申形成正反同词,表现为由语境引起词义范围缩小,从而使上位意义降格为互相对立的两个下位意义.视角单一和比较对象不同,也是正反同词现象的形成原因.     

“两个必然”的实现是一个长期的历史过程——对当代资本主义新变化的反思

当代资本主义发展实践与马克思主义经典作家对资本主义发展趋势的理论预见出现了一定程度的差距.但以唯物史观和剩余价值学说为理论基础的"两个必然"论断依然是正确的.本文从社会主义是世界性的历史运动进程这一视角出发,着重结合当代资本主义在生产力、生产关系、上层建筑和阶级关系等方面发生的新变化,从"两个必然"实现的物质基础、生产关系前提、革命的主体和道路三方面,阐明了"两个必然"肯定实现,但要经历一个长期的历史过程.     

论马克思和恩格斯“全面生产”理论的复杂性特征——对机械唯物史观的批判

现有的马克思主义哲学教科书对人类生产形式的范围采取狭义化处理,对生产力和生产关系这两个范畴进行割裂化的理解和规定,导致在此基础上所建构的整个唯物史观理论具有机械论的色彩。马克思、恩格斯曾经具体阐释了物质生产、精神生产、人自身生产、交往关系的生产等四种生产形式,并在此基础上提出了“全面生产”的理论。对这一理论重新解读和挖掘,我们将会看到人类社会生产形式以及人类社会基本矛盾运动的复杂性特征。     

Constructing Optimal Instruments by First‐Stage Prediction Averaging

This paper considers model averaging as a way to construct optimal instruments for the two‐stage least squares (2SLS), limited information maximum likelihood (LIML), and Fuller estimators in the presence of many instruments. We propose averaging across least squares predictions of the endogenous variables obtained from many different choices of instruments and then use the average predicted value of the endogenous variables in the estimation stage. The weights for averaging are chosen to minimize the asymptotic mean squared error of the model averaging version of the 2SLS, LIML, or Fuller estimator. This can be done by solving a standard quadratic programming problem.     

Editorial collaborators

Traditionally, the bioequivalence of a generic drug with the innovator's product is assessed by comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles determined from the blood or plasma concentration-time curves. This method may only be applicable to formulations where blood drug or metabolites levels adequately characterize absorption and metabolism. For non-systematic drugs categorized by the lack of systemic presence, such as metered dose inhalers (MDI), anti-ulcer agents and topical antifungals and vaginal antifungals, new definition of therapeutic equivalency and criteria for acceptance should be used. When pharmacologic effects of the drugs can be easily measured, pharmacodynamic effect studies can be used to assess the therapeutic equivalence of non-systemic drugs. When analytical methods or other tests cannot be developed to permit use of the pharmacodynamic method, clinical trials to compare one or several clinical endpoints may be the only suitable method to establishing therapeutic equivalence. In this paper we evaluate by Monte-Carlo simulations the fixed sample performances of some two one-sided tests procedures which may be used to assess the therapeutic equivalence of non-systemic drugs with binary clinical endpoints. Formulae of sample size determination for therapeutic equivalence clinical trials are also given.     

中国民间投资增速下滑影响因素综合评估分析

基于模糊层次分析法（FAHP）,构建中国民间投资影响因素评价指标体系,综合评价中国民间投资的影响因素。采用Matlab软件计算一致性指标以及指标权重,对中国民间投资影响因素进行综合排序和单项分析。研究表明,影响中国民间投资的十八个因素中,企业家信心指数、广义货币供应量、政府税收、国内消费需求列居前四。在保持宏观经济政策的稳定性的前提下,营造有利于促进民间投资的投资环境,增强企业家信心。     

统筹城乡经济社会发展的枢纽选择

统筹城乡经济社会发展,要选择和强化四个枢纽:一是大力发展农产品加工业,强化产业枢纽;二是加快城镇化步伐,完善空间枢纽;三是建立健全农业技术信息体系,完善技术信息枢纽;四是调整国民收入分配格局,形成城市反哺农村的利益枢纽.     

汶川特大地震灾后社区心理援助的统筹优选模式

汶川特大地震使灾区城镇和农村原有的社区基本被破坏甚至毁灭,通过对灾后社区展开问卷调查和访谈,运用SPSS统计分析软件,找出灾后社区心理援助的关键问题。在以人为本的科学发展观的统领下,依据统筹优选的思想与方法,以在最短的时间内投入最少精力,运用最有效的方法取得最佳援助效果为目的,分析灾后社区心理援助的解决思路,构建灾后社区心理援助的基本框架,提出灾后社区心理援助的统筹优选模式。该模式包括灾后心理评估体系和灾后社区心理援助过程2个方面,前者由灾后心理评估和援助效果评估2个部分组成;后者包括初期心理援助、中期心理援助和长期心理援助3个阶段,分别从援助主客体、援助内容和援助方法来进行分析研究,实现对地震灾后社区的心理援助。