经济增长:一种从收入分配角度的解释--兼论中国改革20年收入分配与经济增长的关系

当代收入分配理论的一个基本观点认为,收入分配不平等不利于经济增长。而我国改革开放后的20多年里,一方面收入分配差距不断扩大;另一方面国民经济持续增长。我国收入分配差距扩大,一方面推动了消费结构升级,引起消费需求增长;另一方面又通过增加储蓄,提高了投资需求。但若使收入分配差距继续扩大,对经济增长的影响会走向反面。因此可以得出结论,经济落后国家的收入分配不平等影响经济增长呈倒U曲线演进。     

语言运用的功能域

近半个多世纪以来,诸多学科都在对人类行为中的语用问题进行研究。从语用共性的角度切入,在离析共性参项的基础上,确立使用中的语言赖以存在的功能域,无疑是语用研究的一种新的尝试。功能域这一新的命题,以其域界的稳定性、规则的俗成性和域场的辐射性与语境、语体在相关联中区别开来,它较之语境与语体在应用上更具有可操作性。     

基于PLC控制的多方位自动刷鞋机

为了实现多方位刷鞋的功能,设计一款刷鞋机,主要对其刷鞋部分的机构进行了创新型设计。利用皮带轮机构 和凸轮机构传动带动毛刷运动,多方位清洗鞋子的内部和外表面,达到刷洗鞋子的目的。整个洗刷过程采用三菱PLC 自动控制。该设计结构巧妙,成本低,体积小,工作稳定,性能可靠,效果良好。     

A general class of hierarchical ordinal regression models with applications to correlated roc analysis

The authors discuss a general class of hierarchical ordinal regression models that includes both location and scale parameters, allows link functions to be selected adaptively as finite mixtures of normal cumulative distribution functions, and incorporates flexible correlation structures for the latent scale variables. Exploiting the well‐known correspondence between ordinal regression models and parametric ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves makes it possible to use a hierarchical ROC (HROC) analysis to study multilevel clustered data in diagnostic imaging studies. The authors present a Bayesian approach to model fitting using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and discuss HROC applications to the analysis of data from two diagnostic radiology studies involving multiple interpreters.     

A hierarchy of lorenz curves based on the generalized tukey's lambda distribution

A hierarchy of Lorenz curves based on the generalized Tukey's Lambda distribution is proposed. Representations of the corresponding distribution and density function are also provided, together with popular inequality measures. Estimation methods are suggested. Finally, a comparison with other parametric families of Lorenz curves is established.     

Improved attribute acceptance sampling plans based on maxima nomination sampling

This paper demonstrates the use of maxima nomination sampling (MNS) technique in design and evaluation of single AQL, LTPD, and EQL acceptance sampling plans for attributes. We exploit the effect of sample size and acceptance number on the performance of our proposed MNS plans using operating characteristic (OC) curve. Among other results, we show that MNS acceptance sampling plans with smaller sample size and bigger acceptance number perform better than commonly used acceptance sampling plans for attributes based on simple random sampling (SRS) technique. Indeed, MNS acceptance sampling plans result in OC curves which, compared to their SRS counterparts, are much closer to the ideal OC curve. A computer program is designed which can be used to specify the optimum MNS acceptance sampling plan and to show, visually, how the shape of the OC curve changes when parameters of the acceptance sampling plan vary. Theoretical results and numerical evaluations are given.     

Using relative utility curves to evaluate risk prediction

Summary.  Because many medical decisions are based on risk prediction models that are constructed from medical history and results of tests, the evaluation of these prediction models is important. This paper makes five contributions to this evaluation: the relative utility curve which gauges the potential for better prediction in terms of utilities, without the need for a reference level for one utility, while providing a sensitivity analysis for misspecification of utilities, the relevant region, which is the set of values of prediction performance that are consistent with the recommended treatment status in the absence of prediction, the test threshold, which is the minimum number of tests that would be traded for a true positive prediction in order for the expected utility to be non-negative, the evaluation of two-stage predictions that reduce test costs and connections between various measures of performance of prediction. An application involving the risk of cardiovascular disease is discussed.     

Parental Work Schedules and Children's Cognitive Trajectories

Previous work has shown an association between mothers' nonstandard work schedules and children's well-being. We built on this research by examining the relationship between parental shift work and children's reading and math trajectories from age 5/6 to 13/14. Using data (N=7,105) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and growth curve modeling, we found that children's math and reading trajectories were related to parents' type of nonstandard shifts (i.e., evening, night, or variable). We found that having a mother who worked more years at a night shift was associated with lower reading scores, having a mother work more years at evening or night shifts was associated with reduced math trajectories, and having a father work more years at an evening shift was associated with reduced math scores. Mediation tests suggest that eating meals together, parental knowledge about children's whereabouts, and certain after-school activities might help explain these results.     

Rejoinder to 'Ahmed, M.S. (1998). A note on regression-type estimators using multiple auxiliary information.'

In the estimators t ₃ , t ₄ , t ₅ of Mukerjee, Rao & Vijayan (1987), b _{y x} and b _{y z} are partial regression coefficients of y on x and z , respectively, based on the smaller sample. With the above interpretation of b _{y x} and b _{y z} in t ₃ , t ₄ , t ₅ , all the calculations in Mukerjee at al. (1987) are correct. In this connection, we also wish to make it explicit that b _{x z} in t ₅ is an ordinary and not a partial regression coefficient. The 'corrected' MSEs of t ₃ , t ₄ , t ₅ , as given in Ahmed (1998 Section 3) are computed assuming that our b _{y x} and b _{y z} are ordinary and not partial regression coefficients. Indeed, we had no intention of giving estimators using the corresponding ordinary regression coefficients which would lead to estimators inferior to those given by Kiregyera (1984). We accept responsibility for any notational confusion created by us and express regret to readers who have been confused by our notation. Finally, in consideration of the above, it may be noted that Tripathi & Ahmed's (1995) estimator t ₀ , quoted also in Ahmed (1998), is no better than t ₅ of Mukerjee at al. (1987).     

普遍语法的可及性——语言直觉与语言意识之关系

文章从语言直觉的定义入手,旨在讨论生成学派的"语言直觉"与传统学派的"语言意识"二者之关系。通过语言直觉在二语习得中的表现形式及其获得方式,指出生成学派的"语言直觉"在一定程度上可以由传统学派的"语言意识"体现出来。换言之,生成学派的"语言直觉"在某种程度上等同于传统学派的"语言直觉能力",即语言意识。