唐代对民间工商业的政策与管理

唐政府不仅制定推行了歧视民间工商业者的政策,而且通过许多制度对民间工商业进行具体管理.这些制度主要有户籍编制方面的匠籍制、市籍制、供进簿制;工匠地区划分方面的团头火长制;租税征收方面唐前期的租庸调、地税和户税,以及唐后期的两税、商税、苛捐杂税;商品产销方面的官为立样制、入市交易制等及商品流通方面的公验、过所制.另一方面,唐政府还经常滥用强权对民间工商业暴敛劫夺,并在中后期对盐、酒、茶等行业实行辜榷垄断.总之,通过层层操控,唐封建政府将民间工商业掌握在手,新的生产方式始终难以正常发展.     

21世纪北京在世界城市体系中的地位和作用

论述了国际性城市的功能、特征及其在世界城市体系中的地位和作用，指出把北京建成国际性城市是跨世纪的战略选择，分析了北京发展的条件，提出了有关对策．     

城市规划专业英语的教学改革与实践

文章探讨了城市规划专业英语教学现状,详细论述了专业英语教学改革的两个方面,即结合专业主干课程设置主题式教学内容;与设计课结合的写作教学、图文结合的专业词汇和专业知识教学相结合的实践式教学方式。     

中国城市群经济和社会发展的经济法保障研究

城市群的经济和社会发展对一国的经济和社会发展具有重要意义,但如何为中国城市群的经济和社会发展提供法制保障是个新的法律问题。着重运用经济法来调整城市群发展中的经济社会关系,将是中国城市群经济和社会发展法制保障模式的必要选择。     

完善我国出版产业管理的思考

我国出版业的市场化、产业化运作已不可逆转，因此，出版业的产业化管理已成为不争的现实。出版业的产业化，必须正确处理好政府、市场与出版企业三者之间的关系，使其各司其职，各尽其责；政府及出版行政管理机构当务之急是：完善出版市场体系建设，以及完善法律、经济及行政管理手段     

小议城市绿地指标

城市绿地指标的制定是城市绿地系统规划的重要内容之一 ,是一个城市绿色环境数量及质量的量化标准。本文着重介绍了城市绿地指标的作用 ,影响城市绿地指标的因素以及历来我国城市绿地指标的制定情况。     

改革文学中的城市景观

改革文学以其对现实人生的执著关怀，再现了大变革背景下中国现代社会丰富多彩的城市景观。社会的个人化所伴随的价值观、道德观等的重新确立带来的个体精神困扰、惶惑与焦灼，使改革文学中凸显的变革时代城市特有的喧嚣与嘈杂，具有比表层的社会意义复杂得多的历史和心理学的内涵。     

珠三角制造业竞争力提升探讨——以绿色技术创新为视角

基于绿色技术创新的视角，分析珠三角制造业具有的优势和存在的问题，并结合新时期其所面临的绿色挑战来探讨珠三角制造业竞争力的提升，最后对如何提升珠三角制造业的竞争力提出政策和建议。     

Expert Study to Select Indicators of the Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxin Hazards

This article describes a Delphi‐based expert judgment study aimed at the selection of indicators to identify the occurrence of emerging mycotoxin hazards related to Fusarium spp. in wheat supply chains. A panel of 29 experts from 12 European countries followed a holistic approach to evaluate the most important indicators for different chain stages (growth, transport and storage, and processing) and their relative importance. After three e‐mailing rounds, the experts reached consensus on the most important indicators for each of the three stages: wheat growth, transport and storage, and processing. For wheat growth, these indicators include: relative humidity/rainfall, crop rotation, temperature, tillage practice, water activity of the kernels, and crop variety/cultivar. For the transport and storage stage, they include water activity in the kernels, relative humidity, ventilation, temperature, storage capacity, and logistics. For wheat processing, indicators include quality data, fraction of the cereal used, water activity in the kernels, quality management and traceability systems, and carryover of contamination. The indicators selected in this study can be used in an identification system for the occurrence of emerging mycotoxin hazards in wheat supply chains. Such a system can be used by risk managers within governmental (related) organizations and/or the food and feed industry in order to react proactively to the occurrence of these emerging mycotoxins.     

Re-inscribing Gender in New Modes of Medical Expertise: The Investigator-Coordinator Relationship in the Clinical Trials Industry

This article analyses the ways in which research coordinators forge professional identities in the highly gendered organizational context of the clinic. Drawing upon qualitative research on the organization of the clinical trials industry (that is, the private sector, for profit auxiliary companies that support pharmaceutical drug studies), this article explores the relationships between predominantly male physician-investigators and female research coordinators and the constitution of medical expertise in pharmaceutical drug development. One finding is that coordinators actively seek to establish relationships with investigators that mirror traditional doctor-nurse relationships, in which the feminized role is subordinated and devalued. Another finding is that the coordinators do, in fact, have profound research expertise that is frequently greater than that of the investigators. The coordinators develop expertise on pharmaceutical products and diseases through their observations of the patterns that occur in patient-participants' responses to investigational drugs. The article argues, however, that the nature of the relationships between coordinators and investigators renders invisible the coordinators' expertise. In this context, gender acts as a persistent social structure shaping both coordinators' and investigators' perceptions of who can be recognized as having authority and power in the workplace.