A two-sample test for mean functions with increasing number of projections

We propose a test for equality of two means when data are functions and obtain the asymptotic properties of the test statistic as data dimension increases with the sample size. We also derive the asymptotic power of the test under some local alternatives and show that the test statistic is root-n consistent. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the test numerically and to compare the proposed test with other existing four popular tests.     

Why Creators Are Dogmatic People, “Nice” People Are Not Creative, and Creative People Are Not “Nice”

This article presents a provocative perspective on creativity with two controversial assertions. First, it challenges the conventional view of the creator as an innovative person, by promoting the notion of the dogmatic creator. Second, it argues that nice people are not creative, and creative people are not nice. An integrative review of the empirical literature on culture, creativity, and conflict ensues. In the process, four sets of hypotheses are developed which are embedded in two theoretical models of behavior. In Theoretical Model A, it is postulated that cultural individualism-collectivism has a positive causal impact on independent self-construal (Hypothesis 1A). In turn, independent self-construal is posited to have a positive causal impact on positive perception of conflict (Hypothesis 2A), confrontational conflict style (Hypothesis 3A), and creative behavior (Hypothesis 4A). In Theoretical Model B, it is postulated that cultural individualism-collectivism has a negative causal impact on interdependent self-construal (Hypothesis 1B). In turn, interdependent self-construal was postulated to have a positive causal impact on negative perception of conflict (Hypothesis 2B), non-confrontational conflict style (Hypothesis 3B), and conforming behavior (Hypothesis 4B). One-hundred-eighty-six university students in Singapore and 158 students in Australia responded to a survey, which consisted of various scales tapping the constructs in these two theoretical models of behavior. SEM analyses using LISREL 8.0 provided empirical support for both models of behavior. Based on these findings, several points are raised. First, creativity should not be perceived in a naïve manner. Second, there is an urgent need to assist parents, teachers, and employers to deal with creative individuals. Finally, since creativity is a cultural phenomenon, the cultural context must be made amenable for this type of behavior.     

Foss v Harbottle 规则与中国股东代表诉讼

英国公司法中的Foss v. Harbottle规则及其例外是英国公司法保护少数派股东权利的一种独特的救济方式。它不仅影响了英美法系国家的股东代表诉讼制度,而且影响着部分大陆法系国家和地区的股东代表诉讼制度。尽管中国新公司法已经确定了自己的股东代表制度,但英国在代表诉讼制度上的保守态度和经验,依然值得我们借鉴。     

分权制衡:从两起典型案例解析美国最高法院司法权的政治性

无论何种形式的司法权,都是在一定的政治架构下进行的制度配置,从这个意义上说,司法权都具有相应的政治性。美国是典型的分权制国家,司法系统是当今美国社会的重要权力中心之一。本文通过两个典型案件的对比揭示了美国最高法院司法权的政治性,并结合美国的分权体制、联邦法官的选择程序及其他政治因素分析了这种司法政治的成因。在美国那种极为敏感的多元主义政治模式下,美国法院系统决不可能超然于政治系统之外。     

Power comparison of data depth-based nonparametric tests for testing equality of locations

In the recent years, the notion of data depth has been used in nonparametric multivariate data analysis since it gives natural ‘centre-outward’ ordering of multivariate data points with respect to the given data cloud. In the literature, various nonparametric tests are developed for testing equality of location of two multivariate distributions based on data depth. Here, we define two nonparametric tests based on two different test statistic for testing equality of locations of two multivariate distributions. In the present work, we compare the performance of these tests with the tests developed by Li and Liu [New nonparametric tests of multivariate locations and scales using data depth. Statist Sci. 2004;(1):686–696] for testing equality of locations of two multivariate distributions. Comparison in terms of power is done for multivariate symmetric and skewed distributions using simulation for three popular depth functions. Application of tests to real life data is provided. Conclusion and recommendations are also provided.     

马歇尔大法官与杰斐逊总统的恩怨——点评《杰斐逊全传》中的一段历史公案

约翰·马歇尔大法官和杰斐逊总统都是美国历史上著名的人物,但两人在担任联邦政府公职期间却一直冲突不断,尤其体现在“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”、弹劾蔡斯事件以及“伯尔叛国案”中.在这些冲突中二人的孰是孰非,是中外史学家的热门话题,论者往往依据个人偏好而有失公正.通过对刘祚昌先生晚年大作《杰斐逊全传》中马歇尔与杰斐逊关系的分析,本文试图更公正地评价二人的关系.