奥巴马每周电台演讲模糊表达的顺应性分析

模糊既是语言使用中的一种常见现象，又是一种重要的交际策略。本文以顺应理论为支撑，分析奥巴马如何在其每周电台演讲中灵活运用模糊表达以顺应交际双方的心理世界与社交世界，从而产生预期的模糊含义，实现预期的语用功能。     

Data disaggregation procedures within a maximum entropy framework

The aim of this paper is to formulate an analytical–informational–theoretical approach which, given the incomplete nature of the available micro-level data, can be used to provide disaggregated values of a given variable. A functional relationship between the variable to be disaggregated and the available variables/indicators at the area level is specified through a combination of different macro- and micro-data sources. Data disaggregation is accomplished by considering two different cases. In the first case, sub-area level information on the variable of interest is available, and a generalized maximum entropy approach is employed to estimate the optimal disaggregate model. In the second case, we assume that the sub-area level information is partial and/or incomplete, and we estimate the model on a smaller scale by developing a generalized cross-entropy-based formulation. The proposed spatial-disaggregation approach is used in relation to an Italian data set in order to compute the value-added per manufacturing sector of local labour systems within the Umbria region, by combining the available micro/macro-level data and by formulating a suitable set of constraints for the optimization problem in the presence of errors in micro-aggregates.     

语用功能视角下的模糊语分析

模糊性是自然语言的客观属性,在特定的场合下,模糊语比清晰的语言表达更得体。以模糊语的界定与产生为基础,运用格赖斯的＂合作原则＂理论,对日常谈话以及文学作品中的模糊语及其语用功能进行了研究,深入分析了模糊语丰富的会话含义。     

从《长干行》三译文看汉诗英译中的模糊美再现

随着模糊美学的发展,模糊概念引入了美学领域,模糊美成为模糊美学研究的主要对象。不确定性是模糊美的主要特点。中国古典诗歌讲求“意境”、“情景交融”,体现了丰富的模糊美特性。英语诗歌虽然具有较严格的语法规范和严谨的逻辑关系,仍然把对模糊美的追求作为最高境界,这使得英汉诗歌翻译成为可能。不过由于不同层次的语言规则和文化背景,英汉诗歌中的模糊美再现具有相当难度。通过对比李白所作的《长干行》的三首译文,阐述了汉诗英译中模糊美再现的重要性,并探讨了再现模糊美的一些技巧。     

囫囵之语 精绝奇绝——试论《红楼梦》中的信息差

该文从信息差的角度考察了《红楼梦》的语言艺术和写作技巧。在《红楼梦》中,既有说话人另有深意的信息差,也有听话人无意而成的信息差。信息差不仅可以体现人物的性格特征和思想情感,也可推动情节的发展。善用信息差可以说是《红楼梦》的重要特色。     

基于胜任力模型的人才评价方法研究

通过采用行为事件访谈、问卷和因子分析等方法构建包含岗位要求、组织战略和企业文化的胜任力模型,以此建立基于胜任力模型的人才评价指标体系,采用多层级模糊评价法确定各层级指标的权重,并进行综合评价,给出胜任力评分,较好地解决了传统人才测评中难以实现的人职匹配、指标量化等问题,具有重要的现实意义.     

论CS衡量中的模糊综合评判

CS意为顾客满意,是以顾客为核心、以信息为支撑的一种经营模式,其实施的步骤可以简化为“衡量”和“决策”。CS模糊综合评判是对顾客满意状况进行信息收集和处理的一种模型,它将模糊运筹学作为理论基础,通过建立单因素评判矩阵和权重模糊集合,以及进行关系合成运算,来对顾客满意程度进行综合评价求解,以期更准确地把握顾客满意实态。     

基于“框棂关系”的模糊回指现象释义研究

“框棂关系”是廖秋忠针对汉语语篇中两个相互关联的名词性成分而提出的语篇关系理论，王军将该理论框架扩展为不受语言形式束缚，两个语篇成分在概念层面相互照应的语篇关系。研究表明，扩展后的“框棂关系”理论能够用于对模糊回指现象的统一释义，只要先行项能够为回指项构建合适的认知框架，通过认知推理过程激活恰当的棂，语言层面模糊的回指同样能够顺利完成释义任务。     

The pull evolution: from Kanban to customised token-based systems

This work formalises a new approach for material flow control, i.e. the so-called customised token-based systems (CTBS). This approach represents a natural evolution from classical pull systems, such as Kanban. The article first describes the flow of materials (orders or tasks) from a management point of view, and discusses exact and approximate approaches to tackle the problem. The origin of Customised Production Control systems is explained, as well as the main advantages: high degree of generalisation, enhancement of the space of solutions and adaptation to the manufacturing environment. Next, we propose a method based on cross-entropy for the optimisation of CTBS. The computational experience carried out in a number of scenarios shows the CTBS to be profitable. Furthermore, the resulting control mechanisms seem to be relatively easy to implement in real-manufacturing environments.