基于共振解调模拟电路的滚动轴承早期故障检测性能研究

共振解调模拟电路是滚动轴承故障诊断中最常用的技术之一,但是其故障检测性能的定量评价研究尚未见报导。因此,分别以正弦调制和脉冲调制所构造的故障轴承振动加速度信号为电路输入,定量分析了共振解调电路在不同信噪比条件下的故障检测性能,并研究了电路中的关键设计参数——[WTBX]带通滤波器品质因数Q[WT]的调制规律,为共振解调模拟电路在轴承早期故障检测的实际工程应用提供了可靠的科学依据。     

双电机驱动自同步振动磨动力响应研究

以双电机驱动自同步振动磨为研究对象,对其进行简化处理,建立力学模型。通过对其施加X,y方向的简谐激 振力,建立无阻尼系统强迫振动和有阻尼系统强迫振动的数学模型,在此基础上,确定Rayleigh阻尼的常数α和β,利用 有限元ANSYS软件进行瞬态动力学分析,研究其在动载荷作用下的变形情况。研究结果表明：在工况频率16 Hz下,节 点运动轨迹更接近圆形,距理想粉碎效果的圆形轨迹较近,粉碎效果较好,进入稳定期的时间较快;在共振频率42 Hz 下,节点轨迹振幅更大,进入稳定期较慢,阻尼对振动的衰减作用较强;不同阻尼比对振动的衰减作用成正比关系。因 此,可以通过控制阻尼比等参数获得更有利的研磨效果,提高研磨效率。     

基于环境传感器和穿戴式传感器的行为异常检测

针对独居老人频繁出现行为异常的情况,提出了基于热释电红外传感器和穿戴式传感器的老人行为异常检测系 统。设计了行为异常检测的硬件环境,介绍了红外传感器和穿戴式传感器的工作原理,提出了依据重力加速度所在轴向 检测老人躺下位置是否发生异常的方法,并融合了红外传感器和穿戴式传感器的信息对躺下位置异常进行检测。在1 居室的家庭环境中对位置异常检测的方法进行验证,通过实验的方法验证了算法的可行性,并确定了检测躺下状态的阈 值。系统能有效实现对独居老人是否发生躺下位置异常进行检测。     

Evaluating Probabilistic Forecasts with Bayesian Signal Detection Models

We propose the use of signal detection theory (SDT) to evaluate the performance of both probabilistic forecasting systems and individual forecasters. The main advantage of SDT is that it provides a principled way to distinguish the response from system diagnosticity, which is defined as the ability to distinguish events that occur from those that do not. There are two challenges in applying SDT to probabilistic forecasts. First, the SDT model must handle judged probabilities rather than the conventional binary decisions. Second, the model must be able to operate in the presence of sparse data generated within the context of human forecasting systems. Our approach is to specify a model of how individual forecasts are generated from underlying representations and use Bayesian inference to estimate the underlying latent parameters. Given our estimate of the underlying representations, features of the classic SDT model, such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC), follow immediately. We show how our approach allows ROC curves and AUCs to be applied to individuals within a group of forecasters, estimated as a function of time, and extended to measure differences in forecastability across different domains. Among the advantages of this method is that it depends only on the ordinal properties of the probabilistic forecasts. We conclude with a brief discussion of how this approach might facilitate decision making.     

Notes on authors

Social network analysis (SNA), a method which can be used to explore networks in various contexts, has received increasing attention. Drawing on the development of European smoke-free policy, this paper explores how a mixed-method approach to SNA can be utilised to investigate a complex policy network. Textual data from public documents, consultation submissions and websites were extracted, converted and analysed using plagiarism detection software and quantitative network analysis and qualitative data from public documents and 35 interviews were thematically analysed. While the quantitative analysis enabled understanding of the network’s structure and components, the qualitative analysis provided in-depth information about specific actors’ positions, relationships and interactions. The paper establishes that SNA is suited to empirically testing and analysing networks in EU policy-making. It contributes to methodological debates about the antagonism between qualitative and quantitative approaches and demonstrates that qualitative and quantitative network analysis can offer a powerful tool for policy analysis.     

A comparison of test statistics for the recovery of rapid growth‐based enumeration tests

This paper considers five test statistics for comparing the recovery of a rapid growth‐based enumeration test with respect to the compendial microbiological method using a specific nonserial dilution experiment. The finite sample distributions of these test statistics are unknown, because they are functions of correlated count data. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the type I and type II error rates. For a balanced experimental design, the likelihood ratio test and the main effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for microbiological methods demonstrated nominal values for the type I error rate and provided the highest power compared with a test on weighted averages and two other ANOVA tests. The likelihood ratio test is preferred because it can also be used for unbalanced designs. It is demonstrated that an increase in power can only be achieved by an increase in the spiked number of organisms used in the experiment. The power is surprisingly not affected by the number of dilutions or the number of test samples. A real case study is provided to illustrate the theory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

类矩形双肢钝体涡致振动和气动抑振机理

针对具有类矩形双肢钝体断面拱肋的大跨度拱桥在风洞试验过程易出现大幅涡激振动问题，沿拱肋模型表面进行动态风压同步测量及基于POD算法的本征气动力荷载分布模式分解，获得了涡振发生时对于周期性涡激力具有最大贡献的气动力荷载作用位置，初步揭示出此类断面涡激动发生时的局部气动力荷载作用机制。以上海卢浦大桥和肇庆西江特大桥此类具有双肢钝体断面拱桥为工程实例，结合涡激气动力沿拱肋周向时空气分布特征，提出并以二维悬吊节段模型风洞试验验证了拱肋断面多种有针对性的气动控制措施；结合实际桥梁拱肋的三维空间效应，利用全桥气弹模型     

On robustness of the Shiryaev–Roberts change-point detection procedure under parameter misspecification in the post-change distribution

The gist of the quickest change-point detection problem is to detect the presence of a change in the statistical behavior of a series of sequentially made observations, and do so in an optimal detection-speed-versus-“false-positive”-risk manner. When optimality is understood either in the generalized Bayesian sense or as defined in Shiryaev's multi-cyclic setup, the so-called Shiryaev–Roberts (SR) detection procedure is known to be the “best one can do”, provided, however, that the observations’ pre- and post-change distributions are both fully specified. We consider a more realistic setup, viz. one where the post-change distribution is assumed known only up to a parameter, so that the latter may be misspecified. The question of interest is the sensitivity (or robustness) of the otherwise “best” SR procedure with respect to a possible misspecification of the post-change distribution parameter. To answer this question, we provide a case study where, in a specific Gaussian scenario, we allow the SR procedure to be “out of tune” in the way of the post-change distribution parameter, and numerically assess the effect of the “mistuning” on Shiryaev's (multi-cyclic) Stationary Average Detection Delay delivered by the SR procedure. The comprehensive quantitative robustness characterization of the SR procedure obtained in the study can be used to develop the respective theory as well as to provide a rational for practical design of the SR procedure. The overall qualitative conclusion of the study is an expected one: the SR procedure is less (more) robust for less (more) contrast changes and for lower (higher) levels of the false alarm risk.     

基于solaris平台的DNS服务器侦测和阻止DOS攻击的实现

DNS服务器所面临的威胁集中表现出了互连网的脆弱性,针对DNS服务器的拒绝服务攻击是DNS服务器面临的最大威胁.提出了一种针对查询攻击进行侦测和阻止的思路,并且在solaris的平台上用perl语言来实现,能够保证DNS服务器有效地抵御常规攻击,为正常用户提供及时的服务.同时,本文也对伪造源IP的分布式拒绝服务攻击提出了一种解决方案.