Target detection from a classical and a Bayesian viewpoint

Two approaches have been used for designing spatial surveys to detect a target. The classical approach controls the probability of missing a target that exists; a Bayesian approach controls the probability that a target exists given that none was seen. In both cases, information about the likely size of the target can reduce sampling requirements. In this paper, previous results are summarized and then used to assess the risk that Roman remains could be present at sites scheduled for development in Greater London.     

压电板的主动控制实验研究

研究了压电板模型的主动控制。建立了主动控制方程，进行了实验研究。结果表明，采用压电片作为传感器和制动器的压电板的振动可以得到较好的抑制。说明了控制策略的可行性。为压电智能结构的进一步应用提供了实验基础。     

加强大学生生命教育的几点思考

目前,我国高校学生出现了各种各样的问题,自杀现象非常严重,可见,此类问题的出现和生命教育的空白有直接的关系。本文从加强大学生生命教育的必要性与紧迫性,我国高校目前进行生命教育的现状,生命教育的主要内容和目前高校生命教育的对策几个方面来进行探讨。     

一种状态检测防火墙的攻击防御机制

讨论了一种在Linux操作系统内核防火墙的攻击防御机制,提出了检测网络攻击的机制和总体架构。在Linux操作系统防火墙的基础上构建了攻击防御框架,针对不同的攻击模式,该框架提供相应的状态检测方法判定攻击的发生并使攻击不能成功。提出的攻击防御体系具有通用、可扩展的特点,可以有效克服传统包过滤防火墙在抗攻击和入侵检测方面的局限性。结果表明:该攻击防御机制可以显著改善防火墙系统的IP安全性。     

加固后并行钢板梁桥横向振动对平联杆件应力的影响

实测资料表明，上下行并行的钢板梁桥在采用“两桥连接”加固以后，平联杆件的弯曲变形和断裂现象急剧增多。为了分析产生这一问题的原因，采用ANSYS分析软件对40111上承式钢板梁建立了有限元模型，就横向振动与钢板梁在采用“两桥连接”加固以后平联杆件急剧出现的弯曲变形现象之间的关联性进行分析，计算出了加固前后平联杆件在不同横向振幅下的应力变化情况，分析得出“横向连接”加固是引起平联杆件大量出现弯曲变形现象的主要原因。     

基于多Agent的入侵快速响应系统

从分析信息安全的现状入手,设计了一个基于多Agent的快速入侵响应系统CI2D&R。结合该系统的网络部署设计,介绍了该系统两个主要组成部分安全间谍和安全警卫的主要功能,并提出了该系统的分层体系结构,分析了系统的主要组成部件及其相应功能,论述了该系统的数据流和接口设计及解决Agent可靠运行的方法。     

列车编组对桥梁振动和乘坐舒适性的影响

利用三角级数法模拟了轨道的不平顺，采用列车编组和桥梁组合的模型，建立了车桥耦合振动方程。对不同列车编组作用下桥梁的竖向振动和车体加速度进行了研究，结果发现列车编组对桥梁的振动和乘坐舒适性影响很大。通过改善列车编组的方法可以提高车桥耦合振动中车辆的动态性能。     

Theory & Methods: Incomplete detection in enumeration surveys: Whither distance sampling?

This paper considers the problem of undercount or incomplete detection in enumeration surveys that are intended to estimate population counts or population abundance. The problem is widespread in ecology but also occurs in other surveys: the census undercount is a well-known example of the problem. After framing the problem in a general context, the paper focuses on line transect sampling and the distance sampling method which has been widely applied in surveys of ecological populations. It describes distance sampling data and presents a graphical derivation of the distance sampling estimator. The graphical analysis leads to a new expression for the distance sampling estimator which gives useful insights into the nature of the estimator. The paper discusses the uniformity assumption on which distance sampling depends and describes the properties of the distance sampling estimator when uniformity does not hold. It then explores the relationship between this and other evaluations of distance sampling and mentions briefly some statistical ideas for treating the general incomplete detection problem. The paper concludes with some reflections on general insights arising from the research.     

刑事诉讼中的程序正义与权力法治化

权力法治化在刑事诉讼中的关键是审前程序,其中又以侦查程序中的权力法治化和起诉环节权力法治化为最关键。“程序正义”是现代司法的基本理念,是诉讼制度文明化、人性化的必然要求和重要表现,而程序正义的关键是程序中的权力的正当性,可以说,权力的正当性是程序正义的基础,而权力正当性只能通过法治化来实现。     

When is a curve an outlier? An account of a tricky problem

ABSTRACT The analysis of a set of data consisting of N short (≤20 observations each) multivariate time series, where the observations are irregularly spaced and where observations for the different components of each multivariate series are observed at different times, is discussed. With the increased use of automatic recording devices in many fields, data such as these, which are of course samples from smooth response curves, are becoming more common. In this application, which was a clinical trial comparing two cements for use in hip replacement surgery, the key to the analysis was in recognizing that the interest lay in the degree to which the five curves representing a patient's vital signs deviated from baseline (i.e., normal for that patient) during surgery. This enabled the statisticians to define appropriate response variables. The analysis included Rosseeuw's (1984) technique for the identification of multivariate outliers and logistic regressions to identify any effects on the process producing the outliers due to treatment or covariates.