福利多元主义视角下的社区福利

随着经济体制的改革,“单位人”向“社区人”转变,社区福利成为社会成员普遍性的需求。但目前我国的社区福利存在着行政化、非专业化等一系列问题,社区内缺少成熟的、有活力的社会团体,严重影响了社区居民对于福利的可及性和可得性。本文尝试从福利多元主义的视角,在福利服务领域引入非营利组织,并重点讨论政府的角色转变以及与这些志愿组织和社会团体的合作关系。     

欧洲一体化进程中的社会福利整合

欧洲一体化是一个经济、政治和文化不断融合的过程。欧盟从建立之初就开始了劳工政策领域的合作,随着区域经济合作加强、移民增加、劳动力市场一体化,各国社会保障制度之间的差异就成了迫切需要解决的问题。社会保障方面的合作越来越受到重视,合作的范围逐渐扩大到促进就业、失业保障、养老保障、医疗和公共卫生等领域,虽然至今还没有欧盟统一层面的社会保障政策出台,但在某些方面已经出现了趋同倾向。     

生态运动与绿色主义福利思想：生态健康科学与新型公共卫生框架

人与自然、社会与自然关系既是经典的理论议题,又是紧迫重大的现实政策问题.本文从生态运动入手,系统介绍作为生态运动理论基础的绿色福利主义,并以生态健康科学为基本理论视角,简要探讨新型现代公共卫生政策框架及其革命性的现实、理论与政策涵义.     

福利资源的开发:由资金资源向人力资源的转变

福利需求是多元化的需求 ,除了物质上的需求外 ,还有制度、心理、服务等方面的需求 ,所以 ,福利资源也具有多元性。过去我们只注意在资金上开发福利资源 ,忽视其他资源的利用 ,特别是忽视了人力资源的开发 ,使我国社会福利和保障事业的发展受到限制。因此 ,如何将人力资源转变成有效的福利资源 ,是我国今后福利事业发展的重大课题。     

The Role of Family Income in the Intergenerational Association of AFDC Receipt

Daughters from low‐income families who did not receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) are compared to daughters from low‐income families who did receive assistance to better account for family income in the intergenerational association of AFDC. The research models the timing of a daughter's first birth and, for those who become mothers, the number of years a daughter receives any AFDC. Women whose families received AFDC during their childhood are more likely to receive AFDC as adults relative to those women whose families did not receive AFDC. Controlling for family income in a more careful and comprehensive way than past research explains part but not all of the effects of childhood AFDC receipt. Among daughters from chronically poor families, however, parental AFDC use is not associated with additional years of AFDC participation. Although the present research cannot confirm or deny a causal role for parental welfare use, the intergenerational transmission of financial resources does explain part of the intergenerational association of welfare use.     

Gini’s nuclear family

The purpose of this paper is to justify the use of the Gini coefficient and two close relatives for summarizing the basic information of inequality in distributions of income. To this end we employ a specific transformation of the Lorenz curve, the scaled conditional mean curve, rather than the Lorenz curve as the basic formal representation of inequality in distributions of income. The scaled conditional mean curve is shown to possess several attractive properties as an alternative interpretation of the information content of the Lorenz curve and furthermore proves to yield essential information on polarization in the population. The paper also provides asymptotic distribution results for the empirical scaled conditional mean curve and the related family of empirical measures of inequality.      

The effects of social and political openness on the welfare state in 18 OECD countries

Studies examining the relationship between globalisation and the welfare state tend to focus on the effects of economic dimensions of globalisation, the extent to which a country is part of the world market. Globalisation also has social and political dimensions and the effects of these on welfare states – in terms of social security transfers and generosity – are studied in this article. Data from the KOF Index of Globalisation , the OECD Historical Statistics and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset are used to analyse the effects of social and political openness on the welfare states of 18 countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development between 1970 and 2000. The analyses show that social security transfers and generosity have increased less in countries with the highest increase in social openness and that the welfare state is not affected by political openness.     

International Tax Competition: A Case for International Cooperation in Globalization

The liberalization of international financial flows and foreign direct investment has induced countries to use diverse measures to attract inflow of foreign capital and foreign direct investment, which is expected to have a positive effect on the growth of GDP and thus a positive effect on social welfare. Tax exemption, reduction of tax rate, tax holiday, or diverse subsidies are some of the most important measures used. In this paper we study international tax cooperation, i.e., countries change and especially reduce tax rate for corporate income or for asset revenues to attract inflow of foreign direct investment. Both theoretical and empirical studies have shown the sensibility of foreign direct investment decision with respect to tax rate differences between home countries and host countries. In general, more inflow of foreign direct investment can be expected if the tax rate of the home country is lower than that of foreign countries. This is the main reason for international tax cooperation. In this paper we propose a simple model to prove the sub-optimal Nash non cooperative solution in a two-country tax-competition game. The model shows that international tax cooperation can improve welfare of the participating countries. How to reach a cooperative solution for an international tax competition game (ITCG) is therefore an important issue for further discussions and studies. International institutions can play a crucial role to reach international tax cooperation or international tax harmonization.     

农村非农产业群体的社会保障制度初探

目前我国农村非农产业群体规模庞大 ,随着我国城市化和工业化进程不断向纵深推进 ,迫切需要为这部分人建立相应的社会保障制度。本文分析了在我国当前构筑农村非农产业群体的社会保障制度的必要性 ,并提出相应的构想 :分类分层建立农村非农产业群体的社会保障制度 ;创造性地拓展资金渠道 ,解决社会保障资金乏力问题。     

我国国家公务员社会保障制度研究综述

我国国家公务员社会保障制度推行十多年来,对稳定公务员队伍,提高政府的工作效能发挥了重要作用.但随着经济体制改革和政府人事制度改革的不断深化,这一制度在运行过程中也出现了一些需要急待解决的问题.通过对现有关于公务员社会保障制度研究的文献资料进行整理和分析,提出了公务员社会保障制度研究需要进一步深化的几个问题.