人类建构资源活动的三个原则

当代人类建构资源活动的根本要求是合理性。需要的合理尺度 ,节约资源 ,以人为本是当代人类建构资源活动三个极其重要的终极合理性原则。需要的合理尺度 ,只有从社会发展的必然、实现需要的能力的可行性才能得到确定。节约资源 ,来自人类存在的理性和社会特征。以人为本 ,则是当今人类建构人力资源的本质要求     

Sexual Behaviors,Sexual Health Practices,and Community Engagement Among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men Living in Rural Areas of the United States

Limited research has focused on the sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) from rural communities. We examined the sexual and health-related behaviors of MSM living in rural areas of the United States in order to understand the sexual health repertoire of this population. A total of 5,357 participants living in rural settings were recruited online and completed an anonymous Internet-based survey that assessed sexual behaviors, condom use, and men’s engagement with various community activities and events. These data provide a greater understanding of sexual health profiles that exist among rural MSM and will help inform the design of effective programs for men in these often underserved communities.     

The Association Between Gay Men's Stereotypic Beliefs About Drag Queens and Their Endorsement of Hypermasculinity

To date, few researchers have investigated gay men's stereotypic beliefs about drag queens and the association between these beliefs and individual difference variables such as hypermasculinity. To address this omission, 118 men self-identifying as non-heterosexual completed an online survey consisting of an adjective checklist about drag queens and a psychometrically sound indicant of hypermasculinity. As predicted, participants who were more likely to endorse hypermasculine belief statements tended to perceive negatively valenced attributes as more characteristic of drag queens. Possible explanations for this relationship, limitations associated with the current study, and directions for future research are delineated.     

Social Responsibility,Substance Use,and Sexual Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex With Men

Considerable public health literature focuses on relationships between problematic human characteristics (e.g., psychopathology) and unhealthy behaviors. A recent movement termed positive psychology emphasizes the advantages of assessing relationships between human strengths (e.g., altruism) and beneficial health behaviors. The present study assessed social responsibility, an orientation to help or protect others even when there is nothing to be gained as an individual, and its relationship to HIV-relevant behaviors. In our sample of 350 men who have sex with men (MSM), social responsibility was negatively correlated with substance use and HIV risk behaviors. Men who had been tested for HIV and knew their HIV status—a behavior that helps men protect their partners but does not protect themselves from the virus—also scored higher in social responsibility. Interventions designed to reduce HIV risk behavior in MSM may benefit from efforts to promote human strengths.     

水浒戏中的搽旦与《水浒传》中的女性形象

元杂剧中的搽旦表演与净角行当关系密切.现存元代水浒戏<同乐院燕青博鱼>、<黑旋风双献功>、<大妇小妻还牢末>中的搽旦脚色,对<水浒传>中一类女性形象的塑造有着重要影响.小说中女性形象与水浒戏搽旦的关联主要在于表现技巧与叙事态度的沿袭.但相对于戏曲中类型化的脚色表演,小说对于女性形象的塑造已经朝个性化方向稍稍前进了一些.     

圣贤理想境界的实现途径及其现实意义

圣贤不同的理想追求,影响着各自民族的发展与前景。研究其实现不同理想的共同途径,对于人类把握客观规律、掌握社会的前景与个人的命运,有着重要的意义。圣贤所开创的不同的理想之路,其本质竟不约而同:一曰修心:存思至诚,少私寡欲。二曰修行:弃恶扬善,中道而行;舍己利人,普济众生。三曰超佛越圣:破佛圣之缚,无佛圣之念。     

Disclosing Lesbian and Gay Male Sexual Orientation in Later Life: Attitudes of Younger and Older Generations in Eight Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to explore attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men disclosing their sexual preferences in eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 1,539 participants belonging to three age groups (18–29 years, 60–69 years, and 70 years and over). Their answers to two open-ended questions were content-analyzed, and binary logistic regressions were run on the extreme attitudinal categories. Results showed that although most attitudes were positive, a solid percentage of participants still expressed different kinds of derogatory attitudes. Men (as compared to women) and participants who were more religious and less educated tended to hold more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Both older samples were more prejudiced than the younger one, and attitudes also varied according to country. There was a general trend showing more positive attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men in those countries where sexual minorities’ rights are better assured, which suggests that measures to protect sexual minorities and to make sexual diversity in older age visible could be advisable.     

Personal Reflections on Closeted Helping Professionals

Abstract

The author discusses the situation of closeted professionals whose “private” lives inadvertently cross paths with homosexual students or clients. Personal vignettes highlight the dangers of encounters with “closeted” professionals for homosexual clients and students. Particular attention is given to the long-term impact upon clients and students, who are viewed as more vulnerable than professionals. Reflections upon sociopolitical implications of the “closet” are noted, especially recent retrenchment of media concern for homosexual issues as professionals have retreated to the “closet.”     

Measuring Sexual Prejudice Against Gay Men and Lesbian Women: Development of the Sexual Prejudice Scale (SPS)

The presence of bias against gay men and lesbian women remains an ongoing issue, and accurate measurement is essential to targeted intervention. A validation study of a new instrument, the Sexual Prejudice Scale, is reported. Students (N = 851) from 4 different universities participated in this study. An exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and results of these analyses indicated a 3-factor solution (affective – valuation, stereotyping, and social equality beliefs) for each of the sex-specific scales. Evidence of validity and the results of the reliability analysis are reported. Implications for future research are discussed.