第三世界的心理学

工业化国家的大多数公民仅仅是通过间接的、被大众媒介所歪曲的信息图像来认识第三世界的。尽管他们从那些普及全球的图像中日益了解到第三世界的贫困、内乱和滥用人权,但似乎没有什么人去关心改变那些痛苦的现实,仿佛发展中世界不存在严重的问题。无知、漠不关心以及一种防范丧失人性化的方式,使得我们这些居住在工业化社会的人把第三世界视为有别于我们自己的另一个世界,他们的存在与我们毫不相干。     

《谁的正义?哪种理性?》一书概要

该书的姊妹篇《谁的正义?哪种理性?》于1988年出版,把探索的触角伸展到正义和理性概念上。作者本人对这两部书都曾著文介绍,前书介绍已由白锡堃先生译出,见《国外社会科学》1985年第5期。这里译出的是他对后一本书的介绍。     

困惑的一代

他们出生于H.马尔库塞发表《乌托邦的终结》一书的那个时代。他们是由在1968年5月愉快地推翻一切模式的父辈培养起来的一代。现在,他们迈进了失业社会,指责其父母只给他们留下了一种装璜门面的遗产。社会学家、经济学家、广告员都在观察他们。他们是些什么人?他们想做什么?他们对未来的法国有何影响?在美国,这个年龄段的人被称为“X的一代力,即未知的一代。这一代人有一种时尚,即“grunge”,这种时尚已跨越大西洋。     

Factors associated with 'feeling suicidal': the role of sexual identity

This paper examines factors associated with feeling suicidal in a large sample of urban men in Sydney and Melbourne, aged 18-50, including heterosexual, gay and bisexual men, HIV antibody positive and HIV antibody negative. As in previous research, sexuality (being homosexual or bisexual) was found to be a major predictor of suicidality. The research went some way towards explaining the close relationship between feeling suicidal and sexual orientation. Sexuality interacts with feeling bad in that, once men feel moderately bad/depressed, they are more likely to feel suicidal if they are homosexual or bisexual than if they are heterosexual. In addition, the research found that experience of verbal abuse and physical assault (harassment) increased feeling suicidal for both heterosexual and gay/bisexual men, not just for homosexual men as suggested by previous research, and that social isolation in the form of living alone is a further risk factor. Seeking counseling help and taking sexual risks were also independently associated with feeling suicidal. These actions may result from feeling suicidal rather than the reverse, and their association with feeling suicidal warrants further research. Many of the 46 independent variables examined in the research, including HIV antibody status and closeness to the HIV/ AIDS epidemic, were related to feeling suicidal only through their association with being gay/bisexual. Celibacy and general risk taking were not related to feeling suicidal in this study.     

19世纪末俄国期刊关于李鸿章的述评

李鸿章在19世纪末的三十余年间曾是中国政府要人,他对于中国的内外政策都具有重要影响。这一时期中国正成为世界政治的中心,李鸿章这一人物尤其引起国外的关注。这一时期的时事报道,经常有李鸿章的名字出现,并纷纷刊载有关他生平及活动的文章。     

Married women's retirement behavior

In this paper we examine the economic and family determinants of married women's retirement behavior. A life cycle model of wives' retirement decisions is tested empirically using data on working married women from the Longitudinal Retirement History Survey. This exploratory analysis indicates that family considerations are more important in wives' retirement decisions than own economic opportunities. These findings contrast with those obtained previously for male workers and if substantiated by other research could have important implications for policy questions regarding pension and Social Security reform.This research was funded by the 1986–7 Small Grants Program sponsored by the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Institute for Research on Poverty, the Cornell Institute of Social and Economic Research, and the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Excellent programming assistance was provided by Vivian Fields. We are grateful to Glen Cain and two anonymous referees for useful comments. Any opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not those of the above-named persons or institutions.     

Population growth and economic development

The paper deals with the relationship between the population growth and economic development in Yugoslavia and its republics, covering the period after the Second World War. Yugoslavia is a developing country with a specific demographic and economic structure which makes her unique in Europe. Its territory is comprised of both relatively developed regions where demographic transition is over, and underdeveloped regions with high natural increase of population where the demographic transition is only just beginning. Correlation and regression methods were used to quantify this relationship. The economic development and structural changes are discussed, relating to human factor. An adequate population policy through family planning is stressed as important in obtaining an increased return to scale with a more positive role of demographic factor.     

Organization and implementation of China's national sampling survey on fertility and birth control

The Planning and Statistical Department of the State Family Planning Commission of China in July 1988 implemented a fertility and birth control survey in China on 2.16 million married women ages 15-57 using stratified, systematic, clustered, and non-proportionate sampling. 3 questionnaires were used: household, married women, and sample unit covering basic status, family planning status, general characteristics of pregnancy and contraception, population flow, deaths since 1981, and socioeconomic status. The authors suggest several international cooperative research projects including: design of fertility and contraception survey; Chinese population growth; Chinese population dynamics; dynamics of marital and family status; fertility; contraception and birth control; mortality; migration; status of the nationalities of China; population development; regional fertility status; and others. Data from the survey will be available in June 1989.