South Korean College Students' Holland Types and Career Compromise Processes

This study explored South Korean college students' career compromise processes and examined whether preferences for sex type, prestige, or interests would be differentiated by Holland theme interest types, gender, or college major. Participants were South Korean undergraduate students from 2 universities in Seoul, South Korea. They were asked to choose 1 occupation from each of 168 pairs of occupations using a forced‐choice format. A total of 376 surveys were analyzed. There were significant main effects for Holland interest types and for gender but not for college major on their career compromise processes. Implications for career counselors and researchers are discussed.     

Current Practices in Residential Treatment for Adolescent Sex Offenders: A Survey

SUMMARY

A list of all treatment facilities for adolescent sex offenders that described themselves as inpatient or residential was requested from the Safer Society Foundation in Brandon, Vermont. A total of 203 such facilities were identified in this manner. Each was sent a questionnaire regarding their policies and practices. Of the 50 questionnaires that were returned, 49 were usable. Items on the questionnaire dealt with major phases of operating a residential program, including number of beds, average daily census, number of males and females in treatment, testing and assessment procedures, most frequent diagnoses, average IQ of patients, abuse history, therapeutic approaches used, number and types of individual/group treatment sessions per week, qualifications of therapists, average length of treatment, and follow-up research on treatment.     

Changing Directions in HIV Prevention: The Move Toward a Psychosocial Model

ABSTRACT

Although some HIV prevention programs have been successful in helping gay and bisexual men change their sexual behaviors, rates of HIV infection continue to increase. In an attempt to address this problem, social workers need to move beyond traditional HIV prevention approaches to a psychosocial model of HIV prevention. Based on the work of previous researchers, this approach assumes that a combination of individual, psychological, and social factors contribute to risky sex in gay and bisexual men. Because social workers are trained to view problems from a psychosocial framework, they are already in a position to develop programs incorporating the psychosocial model. This article examines the psychosocial model of HIV prevention and the various psychosocial factors that may contribute to high-risk sexual behavior and concludes with examples of prevention research that have already incorporated the model.     

Family environments and the relationship context of first adolescent sex: Correlates of first sex in a casual versus steady relationship

Limited research has examined how family environments are associated with the relationship context of first sex, an important indicator of reproductive health risk. We use data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to assess the association between the family environment - parent-parent relationships, parent-adolescent relationships, and family structure - and relationship context of first heterosexual sexual intercourse, distinguishing between the transition to first sex in serious and casual relationships. Twenty-five percent of females and 43% of males who had sex by age 18 did so in a casual relationship. All dimensions of the family environment were linked to the relationship context of first sex. Notably, higher parental monitoring was associated with a reduced risk of transitioning to first sex in a casual relationship versus no sex, and greater family routines were associated with a reduced risk of transitioning to sex in a steady relationship versus having no sex, for males and females. A strong maternal-adolescent relationship was associated with a reduced risk of first sex in a casual relationship but only for males. Additionally, in two-parent families, a strong father-adolescent relationship was associated with reduced risk of transitioning to casual sex, but only for females. Pregnancy and STI prevention programs should work with parents to foster positive parent-adolescent relationships, to become aware of their adolescents’ activities and to recognize that parents are important models for adolescent relationship behaviors.     

从人口结构演化解析中国人口政策的实际影响

随着中国人口结构中人口老龄化、出生性别比失衡等问题的出现，特别在人口自然增长率持续下降的背景下，社会上形成这样一种认识：推行了近三十年的人口政策是造成人口结构问题的根源，只要放开这一政策以上问题将会迎刃而解。对此，本文从经济学角度进行了剖析，认为人口政策虽然对出生性别比失衡负有不可推卸的责任、但并非主因，人口年龄结构老化更是与此关联不大。在中国人口数量依然严峻的形势下，通过提升经济发展水平促进社会进步才是解决问题的关键所在。     

政策网络视角下中韩性别失衡治理比较研究

利用已有的数据和研究成果,基于政策网络的视角,从治理主体、治理结构、治理工具、治理机制四个维度来比较分析韩国与中国三个经济发达省份性别失衡的治理措施。结果表明,经济发展对性别失衡态势的变化存在着双面影响;虽然韩国和中国三省的出生性别比均呈现了先上升后下降的态势,但下降的路径和机制存在差异;政策网络中多元化的治理主体是治理性别失衡的关键,韩国在治理主体、治理结构和治理机制方面均注重政府和公民社会互动,从而增强政策网络的开放性,治理工具主要侧重于与性别平等相关的政策法规的制定,性别失衡治理效果显著。中国三省的治理主体、治理结构和机制均以政府为主导,治理工具也以直接治理为主,性别失衡虽然有所改善,但性别比下降是由于政策强有力干预而超前于自发下降的过程。因此,中国三省及其他省份应该抓住目前治理的有利时机,加强性别失衡治理政策网络的开放性。     

生育行为中的性别选择与公共政策回应

生育行为是理性选择的结果，从当前我国的实际情况看，男孩偏好符合这种理性。严格的计划生育政策使得人们有强烈的动机通过性别选择来实现男孩偏好，而现代医学技术提供了这种可能。性别选择导致了出生人口性别比严重失衡，可能引起婚姻拥挤，危害身心健康。为改变这一现状，政府应制定相关政策，以降低男孩偏好、禁止性别选择。     

陕西省出生人口性别比定量分析与对策探讨

文章根据陕西省历次人口普查、部分人口抽样调查资料及公安、教育、计生统计报表数据，时全省出生人口性别失衡程度、女婴缺失数量和分因素贡献率等几个问题进行定量分析，并对出生人口性别比综合治理和科学决策提出建议。     

Gay and Bisexual Men’s Experiences Using Self-Testing Kits for HIV and Rectal and Urethral Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: Lessons Learned from a Study With Home-Based Testing

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the experiences of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) conducting HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) self-testing procedures. Methods: We analyzed mixed-methods data from 11 GBM who self-tested HIV-positive and 1,070 HIV-negative GBM who completed the HIV self-testing and STI self-sampling procedures. Results: Nearly all (99%) reported ease in urine-based STI self-sampling and most (90%) found rectal swab self-collection easy. Most (94%) checked their rapid-HIV self-testing results during the correct window (20-40 minutes), and nearly all (99%) trusted their HIV results. Conclusions: Recommendations for future self-testing procedures are provided based on findings from free-response data.     

An Empirical Examination of Sexual Relations Between Adolescents and Adults

SUMMARY

The American view that adolescent-adult sexual relations are by definition “child sexual abuse” has spread throughout the Western world and reshaped public policy. This paper, originally presented as a talk, examines the scientific validity of this view. A historical perspective traces the conflation of the adolescent experience with rape, incest, and that of the young, prepubescent child. Biological and cognitive perspectives support the view that adolescents have more in common with adults than children. Sweeping claims that adolescents react as children are said to is critically tested by examining two types of relations-those between heterosexual teenage boys and women and those between gay or bisexual teenage boys and men. Non-clinical empirical data show overwhelmingly that such relations are characterized mostly by positive reactions based on consent if not initiative on the part of the minor, with perceived benefit rather than harm as a correlate. It is concluded that the American view is false, and that public policy that heightens official reaction to such relations, such as that currently proposed by the European Union, are either misinformed or disingenuous in alleging to protect when the motive is to control adolescents.