方言在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的运用

方言具有社会指示功能,它不仅传达文字信息,同时也负载着社会信息,个性化方言的使用会给作品增添地方色彩,有利于人物形象的塑造。这在马克.吐温的代表作《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》中得到充分体现。     

Risk Characterization for Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a broad term that encompasses materials, structures, or processes that utilize engineered nanomaterials, which can be defined as materials intentionally designed to have one or more dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Historically, risk characterization has been viewed as the final phase of a risk assessment process that integrates hazard identification, dose‐response assessment, and exposure assessment. The novelty and diversity of materials, structures, and tools that are covered by above‐defined “nanotechnology” raise substantial methodological issues and pose significant challenges for each of these phases of risk assessment. These issues and challenges culminate in the risk characterization phase of the risk assessment process, and this article discusses several of these key issues and approaches to developing risk characterization results and their implications for risk management decision making that are specific to nanotechnology.     

论《金瓶梅》的艺术创新

《金瓶梅》在小说史上的价值与地位很大程度上是取决于它的艺术成就，即《金瓶梅》无论是在题材选择、人物塑造、结构方式或创作观念等方面，都对我国传统小说进行了实质性改革；《金瓶梅》的艺术创新给中国小说艺术的发展带来了巨大而深远的影响。     

C337. Misspecified location and scale. 11. independence of and s2

A hierarchical Bayesian approach to the problem of estimating the largest normal mean is considered. Calculation of the posterior mean and the posterior variance involves, at worst, 3-dimensional numerical integration, for which an efficient Monte Carlo method of evaluation is given. An example is presented to illustrate the methodology. In the two populations case, computation of the posterior estimates can be substantially simplified and in special cases can actually be performed using closed form solutions. A simulation study has been done to compare mean square errors of some hierarchical Bayesian estimators that are expressed in closed forms and several existing estimators of the larger mean.     

Record values and related statistics - a review

In this brief survey, we discuss major developments of the past decade in the study of record values, record times, inter-record times and some related statistics from a series of observations     

Expert Views on Biological Threat Characterization for the U.S. Government: A Delphi Study

Biological threat characterization (BTC) involves laboratory research conducted for the purpose of biological defense. BTC research is important for improving biological risk assessment and informing resource prioritization. However, there are also risks involved in BTC work, including potential for escape from the laboratory or the misuse of research results. Using a modified Delphi study to gather opinions from U.S. experts in biosecurity and biodefense, this analysis explores what principles and safeguards can maximize the benefits of BTC research and ensure that it is conducted safely and securely. Delphi participants were asked to give their opinions about the need for BTC research by the U.S. government (USG); risks of conducting this research; rules or guidelines that should be in place to ensure that the work is safe and accurate; components of an effective review and prioritization process; rules for when characterization of a pathogen can be discontinued; and recommendations about who in the USG should be responsible for BTC prioritization decisions. The findings from this research reinforce the need for BTC research at the federal level as well as a need for continued review and oversight of this research to maximize its effectiveness and reduce the risks involved. It also demonstrates the need for further discussion of what would constitute a “red line” for biothreat characterization research—research that should not be performed for safety, ethical, or practical reasons—and guidelines for when there is sufficient research in a given topic area so that the research can be considered completed.     

Sufficiency,generalized likelihood function and exponential family

The problem of characterizing an exponential family by sufficiency of certain statistics is considered. In distinction to most of the papers on this subject we do not want to characterize an exponential family of order less than or equal to k by the existence of a-dimensional sufficient statis tics in.GepenoenX' oi inc sample size. Since such a characterization is only valid under regularity assumptions, which is shown in the paper, we consider a stronger property of an exponential family which turns out to be a characteristic one. At this the concept of generalized likelihood functions will play an important role.     

汪曾祺小说人物塑造的民间情怀

汪曾祺笔下展示的多是普通人物的日常生活图景,他以民间的情怀和审美的目光,从一系列小人物身上发掘出诗意和美,这些美包括人情美、人性美、生命美和传奇美。对于知识分子和政治官员,汪曾祺则要么敬而远之,要么讽刺挖苦,完全不似对普通人物那样充满温情。     

晚清女诗人刁素云诗作“德”之表征论

刁素云的诗歌表现出对传统＂妇德＂与＂母德＂意识的自觉表现和遵从,明确显露其创作的＂德＂之表征。通过对刁素云诗集《红薇阁诗草》细致的文本解读,即可了解＂德＂是认知其生平经历和诗歌创作的关键词,组诗《春闺十二咏》更是典型具有不涉艳语的悱恻情致。刁素云及其《红薇阁诗草》所呈现出的＂德＂性色彩,与明清江南女性创作的总体风貌不尽相同,亦为更为全面、切实地识见中国女性文学的历史面目提供管窥之机。     

符号学在环境艺术设计中的文化表征

从符号学的角度解读环境艺术设计的现状,以符号学为切入点,对设计中的文化互动进行分析。符号学在环境艺术中是文化传播的一种工具。它为设计者在设计中处理文化要素提供了方法论,具有指导意义。