Behavior Management of Client Contacts in a Real Estate Brokerage

A Project intended to increase client-contacting behavior on the part of 16 real-estate sales persons was described. Both contacts with prospective (initials) and with established clients (followups) were targeted for change. During a 20-week baseline, agent self-reports were used as a basis for posting weekly charts of contact behavior together with measured sales and listing performances. A conjunctive token-reinforcement procedure involving both contact behaviors was introduced during a 15 week intervention phase. For all agents as a group, a sustained increase in both behaviors was noted during this phase. Additional analyses revealed, however, that for low baseline performers, the intervention effect was only short-lived. During a subsequent three-week prewithdrawal stage, the increased behavion from the previous phase reverted nearly to baseline levels, despite the continued intervention, in response to instructions that program withdrawal was imminent. Contact behaviors further declined to below baseline levels during the following 4-week withdrawal stage when both posting and token procedures were actually discontinued. A tenninal 6 week reversal phase was marked by a nearly full recovery for all agents of asymptotic intervention levels of contact behavior under a reversed conjunctive token reinforcement schedule. Evidence indicating a correlation between changes in contact behaviors and changes in sales was presented. Also, other company benefits presumably derived from the program were described. Finally, the outcomes of this study were discussed in terms of several important validity concerns.     

The Role of Positive Psychology in Enhancing Satisfaction,Motivation, and Productivity in the Workplace

Abstract

Positive psychology offers scope for enhancing satisfaction, motivation, and productivity in the workplace. Wiegand and Geller (2004, this issue) point to a number of strategies to enhance individuals' success orientation and conclude their discussion with the actively caring model which appears to be a useful means of representing pivotal facets of a positive and supportive workplace climate. The discussion in this article extends some of the concepts presented in their paper, adapts a model of motivation to develop the Occupational Motivation and Engagement Wheel, and also further discusses some particularly key strategies alluded to by Wiegand and Geller. These include a discussion of workplace resilience, authoritarian versus authoritative leadership/management styles, motivating workplace climates, personal bests, staff morale, flow in work, the value individuals attach to tasks and outcomes, and the centrality of relationships in the performance context. The article concludes with a multi-level “broaden and build” framework for enhancing satisfaction, motivation, and productivity in the workplace.     

幼儿心理在幼儿园室内环境设计中的运用研究——以浙江省宝阳幼儿园为例

幼儿园室内环境的设计是现代设计中的重要组成部分。以浙江宝阳幼儿为例,从幼儿心理需求为中心,通过对室内生活、学习和公共区域等三个方面及整体色彩的分析,深入地探讨符合儿童身心发展的幼儿园室内环境的设计策略。     

大学生集群行为的心理分析、控制与引导

集群行为是一种在激烈的互动中自发产生的、无指导、无明确目的、不受正常社会规范制约的众多人的狂热行为。为及时预防、控制大学生集群行为的不良发展，在大学生集群行为的心理机制分析研究的基础上，探讨对大学生集群行为的控制与引导，具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

Economic versus psychological forecasting. Evidence from consumer confidence surveys

Permanent and widespread psychological biases affect both the subjective probability of future economic events and their retrospective interpretation. They may give rise to a systematic gap between (over-critical) judgments and (over-optimistic) expectations – the “forecast” error. When things go bad, then, psychology suggests that people tend to become particularly bullish, amplifying the forecast error. Also, psychology argues that personal/future conditions are systematically perceived to be better than the aggregate/past ones. All this sharply contrasts with standard economic assumptions. Evidence from a unique dataset covering 10 European countries over 22 years confirms the presence of structural psychologically driven distortions in people’s judgments and expectations formation.     

Vulnerable young people and substance misuse: expanding on the risk and protection‐focused approach using social psychology

This paper critically reviews recent research exploring risk and protective factors for the development of problematic substance use in populations of young people. Specific populations of young people who are most vulnerable to developing problematic patterns of use are identified, and alterations to methods of data collection which would improve the ability of local authorities to monitor these populations and more efficiently target them for early preventative interventions are highlighted. It is argued that social‐psychological research techniques and approaches should be used to complement a risk and protection‐focused approach in order to improve the design and evaluation of interventions, and provide decision‐aids for practitioners when assessing the needs of vulnerable young people. Examples are provided to demonstrate the utility of social psychology in this regard, and the paper concludes with specific recommendations for future research and services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

独立学院学生大学英语学习心理与学习行为的调查研究

本文对独立学院学生在大学英语学习心理与学习行为方面的群体特点和存在的问题加以论述。     

平衡景观设计中的艺术性与科学性——中国的徒手绘画与密歇根计算机辅助视觉质量评估

景观设计是一个基于科学的解决规划和设计问题的艺术性行业。本文根据Jon Bryan Burley博士2007年秋在南京林业大学为规划与设计专业师生所作的第七次演讲的内容，阐述了科学与艺术之间的平衡。Burley博士通过展示和列举他在中国工作时个人手绘作品及在密歇根所做的计算机辅助视觉质量评估工作的案例，描述了艺术和科学之间的区别、标准化的理论和科学理论之间的区别。Burley博士认为，作为设计师，艺术和科学两种方法缺一不可。随着科技的发展变化，新方法和新技术终将完美结合并被专业所接受。     

具象直观文化心理对汉语修辞格的影响

具象直观文化心理主要表现在汉民族习惯于凭直观去感知外在事物的表象。具象直观文化心理是多种汉语修辞格产生和发展的基础，使其呈现出生动形象的特质。受此种文化心理影响的意象化修辞格主要有比喻、比拟、通感、借代、拈连、列锦等。     

话语与心理变迁——再论义山的一首《无题》诗

李义山的《无题》诗,历来论者众多,解说纷纭。由于典事与"本事"相融,而致虚实相生,朦胧无定。这首《无题》诗,应主要是一首思念情妻之作。在诗中,作者并非一贯以男性为抒情主人公的立场,有时甚至以女性的角度来审视和抒发其情,更增加了义山诗的朦胧性。这种创作心理和审视角度的迁变,也引起了对此诗一些不确定的新解,很有必要提出并待商榷。