基于理想解和灰关联度的动态评价方法及其应用研究

为了对多个多属性（指标）待评价对象（方案）在多个时间点的发展状态和该时间段内的总体发展水平进行比较分析，根据理想解法和灰关联度法优缺点，提出基于理想解和灰关联度的动态评价方法。该方法基于三维数据，将欧氏距离和灰色关联度相结合，提出一种新贴近度，同时反映了位置关系和数据曲线的相似性差异，兼顾评价指标值差异程度和增长程度。最后将该方法应用于"十二五"期间省域循环经济生态效益评价，通过实例验证该方法实际应用上的有效性。     

政府动态奖惩机制下绿色建筑供给侧演化博弈研究

从绿色建筑供给侧角度出发，构建消费者效用函数、开发商利润函数和政府与开发商的演化博弈模型，分析消费者绿色偏好、建筑绿色度、成本等因素对建筑价格、需求和利润的影响以及政府动态奖惩政策下系统的演化稳定策略。结果表明：消费者绿色偏好支付系数和建筑绿色度的增大有利于绿色建筑价格、需求和利润的提高，但高成本却使需求和利润降低；政府采用静态补贴与静态税收政策时，博弈系统不存在演化稳定策略，采用动态补贴与静态税收、静态补贴与动态税收、动态补贴与动态税收三种政策组合时，系统存在演化稳定策略；动态补贴与静态税收的政策组合在推动绿色建筑发展方面优于其他政策；开发商开发绿色建筑的概率与补贴上限值呈负相关，与税收上限值呈正相关。     

基于协调发展度的重大工程团队免疫系统健康评价研究

为评价重大工程团队免疫系统的健康和协调发展状况，本文提出了一种基于协调发展度的评价模型。首先通过文献查询和深度访谈，构建能够体现重大工程团队免疫系统特征的健康评价指标体系；其次利用改进的DEMATEL确定指标权重，然后采用多层次模糊综合评价将相关指标定量化，最终得出重大工程团队免疫系统的健康指数和协调发展度；再次确立重大工程团队免疫系统健康等级和协调发展度划分标准，同时提出免疫系统健康的跟踪评价策略；最后，利用本文模型对某跨国输气管道工程团队的免疫系统进行实证研究。结果表明，协调发展度模型既能反映重大工程团队免疫系统的整体健康程度，又能衡量固有性免疫和适应性免疫的协调发展状况，同时对免疫系统健康的跟踪评价也取得了良好效果。     

改进区间可接受度的证券投资组合区间二次规划模型

本文首先基于Markowitz的经典均值方差模型，针对不确定环境下的投资组合问题，把证券的收益率、风险损失率和流动性用区间数描述，建立了一种新的含交易成本的证券投资组合区间二次规划模型。其次，为求解该模型，提出了改进的区间可接受度确定性转换方法，通过引入优化水平α与可接受水平η将不确定二次规划转化为确定型规划。最后，通过数值实验将提出的方法与传统方法进行比较，结果表明本文所提出的方法与模型具有相对较好的可行性与实用性。     

Risk factors for severe perineal trauma during vaginal childbirth: A Western Australian retrospective cohort study

AimTo determine rates and risk factors for third and fourth degree perineal tears (severe perineal trauma) in a Western Australian context.Design and settingA retrospective hospital-based cohort study was performed using computerised data for 10,408 singleton vaginal deliveries from 28 weeks gestation.MethodsWomen with severe perineal trauma were compared to those without. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by parity, was used to assess demographic and obstetric factors associated with perineal trauma.ResultsSevere perineal trauma incidence was 3% (338/10408), 5.4% (239/4405) for primiparas and 1.7% (99/5990) for multiparas (p < 0.001). Adjusted risk factors associated with trauma and common across parity included Asian or Indian ethnicity, shoulder dystocia and assisted delivery. Epidural analgesia (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.96), preterm birth (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.72) and episiotomy (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74) were protective in primiparas, while episiotomy was associated with increased risk in multiparas (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18–3.45). Additional factors among primiparas were occipito posterior (OP) delivery (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.75–6.41) and prolonged second stage (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.46–2.68), and among multiparas included gestational diabetes (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.03) and birth weight >4000 g (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.10–3.15).ConclusionParity differences in risk factors such as episiotomy, infant weight, OP delivery, gestational diabetes and prolonged second stage warrant investigation into clinical management. Although rates differ internationally, and replication evidence has confirmed consistency for certain demographic and obstetric factors, the development of internationally endorsed clinical guidelines and further research around interventions to protect the perineum are recommended.     

城乡居民收入满意度的比较分析及启示--基于合肥市的调研数据

伴随着城乡居民收入的稳步快速增长，城乡间收入差距增大的现象也日渐显现，通过对合肥市城乡居民收入状况的满意程度进行问卷调查，经过数据处理，分析和比较了居民对于城乡收入绝对值和相对值的满意程度，在此基础上，从理论层面归纳合肥市收入分配存在的问题。     

现代汉语感官动词语法功能相容度分析

词的语法功能属性与词的使用频度之间的关系是汉语词义属性研究的一个重要方面。通过对258个现代汉语感官动词的使用频度进行封闭测查,考察各个动词在语料库中的频次,以及各词感官义项、非感官义项、感官用法、非感官用法的使用频次,再将这些词的频度信息与它们的语法属性信息进行相容度分析,对词频与基本功能之间的关系进行描写和阐释。结果表明,感官动词的语义属性与动词语法功能之间存在不同的相关性表现。感官动词词义的特殊性表现在相对普通动词而言较弱的动作性,以及词义一般包含较强的对行为方式状态的描述,这是由感官活动在人类行为中的特殊性决定的。此外,词语的类聚特征越丰富,词语聚合的总量就越小,词语间就具有更高的相似度,这些相似度必然会在语法功能等方面得到反映。     

基于消费者效用的生鲜农产品供应链生鲜度激励机制研究

生鲜供应链整体生鲜度的提升对减少浪费、提高供应链整体盈利水平及社会福利有重要意义。本文基于消费者效用理论研究了两供应商和单一零售商组成的供应链系统，构建了单周期下生鲜农产品生鲜度激励模型，模型以供应商为领导者，采用Stackelberg博弈方法求解得到了均衡状态下供应商、零售商的最优定价策略及供应商新鲜度努力选择。研究结果表明，供应商和零售商利润与消费者价格敏感系数呈反向变化，与新鲜度敏感系数呈同向变化。在价格竞争市场，供应商保鲜努力程度和利润与价格替代率呈反向变化；在生鲜度竞争市场，供应商保鲜努力程度和利润与新鲜度替代率呈同向变化。基于研究结论，厂商及政府应当联手引导消费者的消费观念，尽可能减少由于信息不对称引致的道德风险，在市场价格替代率不变甚至降低的情形下，提高生鲜度替代率，使得消费者的意愿支付价格上升，提高自身讨价还价能力，获取更多利润。     

基于网络结构-要素行为-创新绩效视角的国家创新体系国际化水平评价

将国家创新体系分解成科学研究网络、技术开发网络和技术扩散网络,从网络结构-要素行为-创新绩效的视角,选择具有代表性并且能够获取完整序列数据的指标构建国家创新体系国际化程度评价指标体系,利用主成分分析法确定指标权重,根据中国国家创新体系国际化的发展趋势以及参照美国国家创新体系国际化的相关指标值确定各指标的标准值。进而对中国进行了实证测算,2001~2010年间,中国国家创新体系国际化程度指数从14.7%提高到49%,其中高新技术产品进出口额比例、外资企业科技经费比例等指标的迅速增加是中国国家创新体系国际化程度快速提升的主要因素。由此,提出了提高中国国家创新体系国际化程度的策略在于高效的、紧密的、国际化的产学研协同创新。     

Curved versus straight scissors to avoid 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears: A randomised feasibility study

BackgroundSevere perineal tears sustained during childbirth cause significant distress and morbidity amongst women. The objective of this study was to compare the use of straight scissors for cutting an episiotomy with the use of curved scissors, which are designed to curve away from the anal sphincter.MethodsWe used a single-centre, randomised feasibility trial. The intervention was the use of curved scissors. Women were recruited during a prenatal visit and randomised in the delivery suite, when it became clear that an episiotomy was required. The feasibility outcomes were the proportion of women able to be recruited, randomised and followed up. We also calculated the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury when either straight or curved scissors were used to cut an episiotomy. Other outcomes assessed were pain, length of hospital stay, perineal infection and perineal dehiscence.ResultsOf the 155 patients recruited in the prenatal period, only 20 (12.9%) were eventually randomised at birth. The main reasons for the high loss were that women either did not have a vaginal delivery (38, 24.5%), or they did not need an episiotomy (72, 46.5%). Rates of obstetric anal sphincter injury and other outcomes were similar between groups.DiscussionAnal sphincter injury during childbirth remains an important problem. Although the use of curved scissors provides a theoretical solution, we found that the high attrition rate made feasibility of conducting a suitably powered, randomised trial using the current design untenable. Alternative strategies have been suggested to make any future study more viable.