No experience required: Violent crime and anticipated,vicarious, and experienced racial discrimination

There is a growing body of evidence linking racial discrimination and juvenile crime, and a number of theories explain this relationship. In this study, we draw on one popular approach, Agnew's general strain theory, and extend prior research by moving from a focus on experienced discrimination to consider two other forms, anticipated and vicarious discrimination. Using data on black, white, and Hispanic youth, from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), we find that experienced, anticipated, and to a lesser extent, vicarious discrimination, significantly predict violent crime independent of a set of neighborhood, parental, and individual level controls, including prior violent offending. Additional analyses on the specific contexts of discrimination reveal that violence is associated with the anticipation of police discrimination. The effects tend to be larger for African American than Hispanic youth, but the differences are not statistically significant. These findings support the thesis that, like other strains, discrimination may not have to be experienced directly to influence offending.     

《夜半乐打明皇》“打”之考辨——与谭正璧先生商榷考辨

谭正璧先生在《话本与古剧》中对《夜半乐打明皇》题目的解释为：“‘夜半乐’为词调名：‘打，字与‘打字谜’的‘打’字同义。”这个“打”字，乃习惯上各种动作的代称，如：“打水”、“打草稿”之类．不含敲击、拍打之意。文章认为，《打青提》、《夜半乐打明皇》等剧目中的“打”字应源于中国古代戏曲表演中的“打诨”传统与扮演人物之意。     

怪诞形态论纲

怪诞作为一种审美形态有三个特征一、由丑恶和滑稽两种成分融合而成,丑恶是融合的内容,滑稽是融合的形式,两者具有同体共时性.二、以极端反常化为结构方式,即用最熟悉的构成最陌生的,最美善的构成最丑恶的,最现实的构成最超现实的,最非人的构成最人体的.三、接受反应是既恐怖又好笑.     

回归美学的感觉学原意——关于建构体验美学的思考

后实践美学对实践美学的批判触及了实践美学的弱点,但其本质也存在局限性.两者的研究倾向表现出一致性,即都是从社会学、文化学、人学的角度来探讨问题,偏离美学的感觉学原意,使中国美学的研究走入了困境.应回归美学原意,从体验的角度建立一种体验美学.     

中学化学实验研究选题探讨

中学化学实验研究的关键问题是如何选择研究课题。应从中学化学教学的需要、中学化学实验研究的内容、中学化学实验的发展趋势以及中学化学实验教学改革等方面来选择研究课题。     

对改进农林院校经济管理专业英语教学的思考

农林院校经济管理类英语教学效果欠佳,培养的学生不具备市场所需的语言水平。为此,本文提出4个改革思路:提倡快乐英语精神,重塑学生对英语学习的兴趣与信心;增强学生的课程知情权与学习参与感,贯彻师生平等的教育理念;建立综合评估体系,引导学生全方位发展;引进利用原版教材,让学生感受原汁原味的国外教学体系,以期提高教学质量。     

Supporting care‐experienced adults' educational journeys: “Linked lives” over the life course

Research highlights the role of key actors and relationships in supporting the educational attainment and progress of children in care and care leavers. We know less about how relationships influence the educational journeys of people with care experience over time and how to support the educational progress and engagement of adults with care experience. The principle of “linked lives” is central to the life course perspective referring to the interdependence of human lives throughout the life course. This paper explores how the principle of linked lives can illuminate our understanding of how relationships positively influence the educational journeys of adults with care experience over time. Educational life history interviews were conducted with 18 care‐experienced adults (aged 24–36) in Ireland. Findings suggest that the principle of linked lives is a valuable conceptual tool for providing new insights on this issue. Four key themes were identified: (a) opportunities for educational support are present across the life course; (b) “family” is a central source of educational support; (c) there is intergenerational capacity for educational support; and (d) relationships beyond the “family” are supportive of education. Implications for practice, policy, and research are explored.     

Happy Marriage,Happy Life? Marital Quality and Subjective Well‐being in Later Life

The authors examined associations between marital quality and both general life satisfaction and experienced (momentary) well‐being among older husbands and wives, the relative importance of own versus spouse's marital appraisals for well‐being, and the extent to which the association between own marital appraisals and well‐being is moderated by spouse's appraisals. Data are from the 2009 Disability and Use of Time daily diary supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 722). One's own marital satisfaction is a sizable and significant correlate of life satisfaction and momentary happiness; associations do not differ significantly by gender. The authors did not find a significant association between spouse's marital appraisals and own well‐being. However, the association between husband's marital quality and life satisfaction is buoyed when his wife also reports a happy marriage, yet flattened when his wife reports low marital quality. Implications for understanding marital dynamics and well‐being in later life are discussed.     

证券投资基金相对投资绩效评价

通过对基金之间的风险和收益的比较,运用DEA方法,提出用风险-收益相刘效率比-η系数(即以一定的比率δ增加投资的收益率的同时以一定的比率θ来降低风险水平)作为评价基金的投资绩效指数.结合各基金在不同时期的收益水平和风险水平,对投资基金的投资绩效进行综合评价.同时,对中国已上市的投资基金进行实证分析.     

韩愈文学思想中的个体生命意识

韩愈主要受到司马迁“发愤著书”说的影响，强调生命个体的情感在创作中的动力作用和本质特征。从感性生命第一性出发，韩愈在诗歌创作审美风格上尚“奇”。韩愈深刻地认识到，人的个体生命需要精心地维护，诗文对人的个体生命也具有超脱和维护作用。韩愈将诗文的这种抒情审美娱乐功能概括为“舒忧娱悲”和“以文为戏”。