Giving time or giving money? On the relationship between charitable contributions

This paper studies philanthropic behaviour in terms of money and time contributions for charitable organisations. Using a unique dataset, which is representative of the German population, we examine the pure contributions of individuals who give either money or time as well as joint contributions of individuals who give both money and time. We find that the sequential decisions to give to charity and how much to give can be explained by different socio-economic characteristics. We report particularly pronounced gender differences among pure contributions, an interesting pattern of human capital variables such as income and education, and possible differences in the type of philanthropic goods.     

为合法经营活动而侵犯公民个人信息的刑法规制

最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第六条对为合法经营活动而侵犯公民个人信息行为进行独立规制,是新型犯罪罪状表述抽象化与罪状解释具体化、信息时代信息价值多元化与危害行为多样化、现代社会犯罪治理精细化与刑法评价精准化的内在要求.为合法经营活动而侵犯公民个人信息行为相关规范要素中的“为合法经营活动”应理解为主观超过要素,“获利五万元”应作严格解释,“曾因侵犯公民个人信息”应作广义解释,“其他情节严重”应包括信息数量标准.     

“生存”与“自由”:“感性活动”的辩证实质与时代价值

“感性活动”是马克思主义唯物史观的基本范畴。经创造性继承费尔巴哈“感性对象”原则与黑格尔否定的辩证法，马克思阐发了“感性活动”的物质基础与能动原则，赋予其三重规定：为生存资料需要的物质生产活动、形成社会关系社会矛盾的物质交往活动、为个性自由推翻现实矛盾的革命改造活动。马克思将人的“需要”机制作为推动和创造原则论证了感性活动从“生存”到“自由”的辩证运动过程，从而揭开了整个社会历史形成与发展之谜，确立了其哲学的实践基础，实现了对唯心主义和直观唯物主义的整体超越。而对感性活动进行生存、反思与自由的当代诠释，是为新时代中国特色社会主义主要矛盾论断找到重要哲学支撑，这既从学理上丰富了马克思主义，印证了不平衡不充分发展的特殊历史性，又在实践层面预示了实现美好生活需要的必然性，为社会创造活动提供了精神动力。     

Do All Activities “Weigh” Equally? How Different Physical Activities Differ as Predictors of Weight

In Britain, it is recommended that, to stay healthy, adults should do 150 minutes of moderate‐intensity physical activity every week. The recommendations provided by the U.K. government, however, remain silent in regard to the type of activity that should be done. Using the annual Health Survey for England we compare how different types of physical activities predict a person's weight. In particular, we consider clinically measured body mass index and waist circumference. We document mean slopes emanating from ordinary least squares regressions with these measures as the dependent variables. We show that individuals who walk at a brisk or fast pace are more likely to have a lower weight when compared to individuals doing other activities. Additionally, we highlight that the association between physical activity and weight is stronger for females and individuals over the age of 50. Our overall conclusions are robust to a number of specifications.     

民国时期特种教育在凉山彝区的组织与活动

民国时期，部分彝族子弟求生存和谋发展的愿望被国民党军统组织所利用，他们以招收成都军校学生为幌子，在“乐西公路”筑训班采取貌似自愿报名的公开方式，通过精挑细选和隐瞒真实信息等手段，将不明真相的彝族学员带到重庆，送入国民党中央警官学校特种警察训练班，企图培养具有跨文化能力的地方军政协助人。但受特定时间、空间、文化的影响，军统机构在彝区的组织、活动基本尚未成熟即夭折。梳理和呈现这一史事，能让读者从一个特殊视角了解民国时期所谓“独立倮倮”与汉区，乃至与中国以外的世界之间实际存在千丝万缕，或直接或间接的复杂联系；看到在对于制度的顺从与抗争和身份的认同等方面，彝人个体实际仍有主观能动的余地。由此，提示读者理解中国内地边疆“中间圈”的彝区在现代化进程中之曲折经历，包括当事人的博弈策略及后果。     

学前数学活动中的元认知教学行为和话语分析

元认知发展是学前儿童发展的核心之一。通过对学前教师在数学活动中的元认知教学行为和话语进行个案观察和 分析，可以发现相关教学现状不够理想，主要源于教师元认知意识及相关知识或技能不足，同时也是教学客观条件所限。     

Digital learning across cultures: an account of activity theory

ABSTRACT

This paper explores a teaching and learning process as it unfolds in an online offshore classroom. The paper reports on teaching and learning narratives distilled from different cultures, namely the cultures of educators and students in the context of digital learning environments. Drawing on activity theory as a conceptual framework to analyse the narrative, we employ self-study as a methodological tool for capturing the dynamism and complexities that unravel in intercultural and technology-enabled teaching activities. The framework explores the relationships, tensions and opportunities of diverse activity elements that constitute the design and delivery of digital pedagogies. In the networked intercultural system, sustaining the position of activity elements and the specific relational circuit that they institutionalise is a key task for understanding digital technologies as an influential tool for effective learning and teaching practices. We argue that seeing the digital platform from the perspective of its role in creating dynamic interrelationships in a complex activity system is one way to move beyond the cultural confines of any particular element in the system.     

Intergenerational Activities that Promote Engaging Conversations are Preferred among Young and Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Loneliness negatively affects young and older adults. Intergenerational activities foster social connectedness. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study explored which intergenerational activities are most enjoyable for college students and retirement community residents. Demographics, loneliness, enjoyment, conversation level, and type of activity were analyzed. The enjoyment and conversation variables were positively correlated (r = .59, p < .001) which was supported by participants’ narratives. Both populations most enjoyed the activities with higher conversation levels, with the first being committees, followed by meals, one on one activities, and transportation. Retirement communities and universities should promote intergenerational activities, which include meaningful conversations.     

从生成主义哲学谈幼儿园科学教育活动的实践进路

生成主义哲学认为世界与认知者不可分,强调认知与行动、实践与情境的统合。生成主义哲学视域下幼儿园科学教育活 动的价值立场是“属人”,而非塑造“知识人”,幼儿的科学学习彰显具身性与主体间性。基于一个幼儿园大班科学项目活动《鲜花 保鲜》,从生成主义哲学视域分析幼儿园科学教育活动实践进路：科学活动生成的境遇是生活世界与科学世界的统整,幼儿与教 师是科学认知生成的主体,幼儿科学学习的途径是科学实践、“涌现”与对话,并对幼儿园科学教育活动实践展开省思。     

CLASS视角下幼儿园中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动现状分析

为深入探究中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动的现状,本研究基于CLASS 课堂评估系统对福州市A 园中班早期阅读活动 的师幼互动情况进行了观察与评定并利用SPSS22.0 进行数据分析。结果发现：中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动整体水平处于中 等,没有达到较高水平。基于此,围绕三大领域提出可行性的教育建议:提供积极的情感支持、提高班级管理的水平、提供有效 的教学支持,从而切实提高中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动的质量。