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1.
资本创造模型(CC模型)忽视了要素流动对产业空间分布的影响。而发展的新的资本创造模型则认为资本集聚的过程必然伴随着工业劳动力的流动过程。另外,是资本的实际收益而不是名义收益决定资本是否创造。研究结果表明,随着贸易自由度、工业品支出份额及资本贴现率的变大,替代弹性及资本折旧率的变小,将降低对称结构的稳定性,而提高中心-外围结构的稳定性;经济地理空间的产业均衡是集聚力和分散力相互作用的结果。当企业生产工业品的规模报酬递增程度足够显著,或者工业品支出份额很高时,市场拥挤效应将彻底消失,并转化成为促进产业集聚的动力;突破点与持续点的大小比较可以形成不同的关系,这意味着随着贸易自由度的变化,本文发展的资本创造模型可以体现出多样化的产业空间动态演化行为。  相似文献   
2.
随着万物互联时代的来临,人类资源配置将被各种人工智能“算法”①所取代。万物互联产生的数据将成为社会资源的重要形态,也是支撑人工智能“算法”的重要基础。数据资源的安全、所有权归属、开发利用效率以及保密等重要议题,将成为民族学、经济学、社会学和心理学等相关学科关注和研究的新热点。我国是一个统一的多民族国家,如何将丰富的民族多样化资源转化为支持万物互联资源网络协同优化配置人工智能“算法”的数据,需要从民族历史、文化、生物、信息处理技术等相关学科做深入的理论和实证研究。在万物互联时代,因资源配置方式与配置机制发生变革,经济学一般不再直接求解资源最优配置的策略集,更多是从理论和实证方面研究资源配置中人工智能“算法”的构造原理、构造条件与影响因素。万物互联时代,社会和谐秩序的构建,需要政府建立和维护万物互联网络的安全防护体系,并对资源配置中人工智能技术演变路径作规范和指引。  相似文献   
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4.
促进农村土地承包权流转是国家的政策导向,也是发展现代农业的必由之路。近年来,湖南湘西土地流转的数量和速度不断增长,呈现出流转形式多样化、流转主体多元化的特点,但与此同时也存在土地流转意愿与流转行为相矛盾、流转承包权益低、流转纠纷多、土地流转"非粮化"的问题。要完善农村土地流转,必须加大宣传力度,采取多样流转形式;加强市场主导和政府引导相结合;规范流转程序,严格监管;完善土地流转中介服务并健全农村社保制度。  相似文献   
5.
当前,在我国经济快速发展的过程中出现了收入差距过大、财富过于集中的问题,根本原因是自由市场秩序在调节收入分配差距方面出现了失灵状态.进行收入分配制度改革以缩小贫富差距,必须涉及到分配正义原则适用的问题.西方学者关于分配正义原则的争论焦点在于要不要采取再分配政策,笔者认为放任的自由市场经济必然导致收入差距扩大,社会主义国家的分配正义应该以马克思主义思想为指导,采取合适的再分配政策.  相似文献   
6.
促进新经济地理学理论的发展,不仅要根据理论要求的逻辑完美性修改假设,更为重要的是,要根据空间经济发展的现实修改模型的假设条件。由此,在研究上突破了新经济地理学模型单一生产要素流动假设的局限性,认为企业家与普通劳动者在地区间都可以流动,并且,普通劳动者在行业间也可以自由流动。与新经济地理学可解的经典模型——自由企业家模型相比,新的可解中心-外围模型丰富了新经济地理学的研究结论,发展了新的理论观点:突破点与持续点的大小比较存在三种关系。随着贸易自由度的变化,产业空间结构的演化除了棒棒均衡的结果外,不仅可能出现内部非对称结构为稳定均衡的情形,也可能出现内部非对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形,而不仅仅是对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形;随着贸易自由度的提高,工业品支出份额的增加,工业品间替代弹性的降低,会引起产业空间的稳定结构由对称结构向非对称结构转化;一旦产业空间结构演化的“黑洞条件”得到满足,则产业空间的稳定结构只能是内部非对称结构或中心-外围结构,而不仅仅是中心-外围的稳态结构。  相似文献   
7.
刘天 《民族学刊》2016,7(6):85-89,121-123
In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.  相似文献   
8.
周兴维  蔡晓萍 《民族学刊》2012,3(6):75-78,101
中国的文化发展和文化产业,正遭遇现代西方文化+中国传统文化+红色革命文化的"三重门"困惑。灾后重建,千方百计,抢救、恢复、保护和发展藏羌文化,乃其关键一端;而以发展文化产业来推动抢救、恢复、保护和发展藏羌文化,乃其关键一处。可以依循"文化差异-文化产业特色-市场区隔定位"的理路推进文化产品的开发。藏羌文化滋养于岷江,古蜀文化源于岷江,发展藏羌文化与产业,自然该抓住"岷江文化",不仅有利于保护母亲河岷江,而且也是阿坝州发展藏羌文化产业的一个战略切入点。发展藏羌文化产业,需要把藏文化元素、羌文化元素和藏羌文化元素同时代元素也就是市场需求结合起来。  相似文献   
9.
李继红  杨风 《民族学刊》2012,3(2):86-90,96
从人口数量、质量、结构三个方面分析四川少数民族人口发展现状,发现少数民族人口发展与区域资源环境、经济社会发展不协调带来了诸多问题,如人口增长过快导致的人均耕地锐减、环境恶化、就业压力增大,人口质量难以满足经济社会发展的需要,人口城市化滞后的消极效应等。为此,实现少数民族人口现代化的路径需控制人口数量、提高人口素质、推进人口城市化。  相似文献   
10.
农村公共物品能否充分有效的提供是农村城镇化的突破口,是我国农村经济可持续发展、农民生活水平提高的必要条件。本文通过分析我国农村公共物品供给存在的总量不足、结构不合理的现状,提出了创新供给机制、加大财政投入、加强制度保障等对策改善和提高我国农村公共物品的供给水平,促进农村城镇化。  相似文献   
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