压抑地等待——从弗洛伊德的精神分析学说解读劳拉的悲剧命运

《河边云雀叫得欢》是澳大利亚当代著名女权主义作家杰西卡.安德森的最受读者欢迎的一部作品,曾经获得澳大利亚最高文学奖——迈尔斯·弗兰克林奖。这部小说以倒叙的手法描述了一位辗转回国的七旬老妇人劳拉一生的悲剧命运,劳拉的一生几乎都是在压抑与等待中虚度。本文以弗洛伊德的精神分析学说中的本我、自我和超我的三重人格说和焦虑说来分析主人公劳拉悲剧的一生,并得出了劳拉的悲剧是社会文化的悲剧、也是女性自身的悲剧的结论。     

冲突与平衡——达洛卫夫人的“双性同体“性格分析

克拉丽莎.达洛卫是现代主义文学大师弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫代表作《达洛卫夫人》中的女主人公。虽为上流社会一名普通的中年妇女,却体现了伍尔夫关于人的现代主义创作理念。小说中她为生活而生活,和现实认同,小心地平衡着男性特征和女性特征在本我、自我和超我人格上的冲突,从而极大地丰富了作者所提出的"双性同体"诗学内涵。     

人格的悲剧：麦克白夫妇的心理分析

文章运用弗洛伊德的人格心理学来分析《麦克白》一剧中麦克白夫妇悲剧产生的根源。弗洛伊德将人格分为本我、自我和超我。麦克白夫妇正是因为他们的本我被激活后,自我在调节本我与超我以及外界环境的压力时失去平衡,引起压抑和焦虑,而他们排解这些情绪所用的自我防御机制则最终导致了悲剧的发生。     

高校毕业生思想教育难度加大探源与对策

目前高校毕业生思想教育难度加大的原因在于:大学生就业制度改革中凭关系择业与凭能力自主择业冲突的影响;就业形势趋于严竣的影响;高校学生思想教育与市场环境的脱节;毕业生自身的思想混乱与矛盾心理。我们必须优化高校育人的内外部环境;开展丰富多彩的校园文化活动并营造离校前夕的健康氛围;积极进行就业指导服务;开展形势教育与心理健康教育;以控制并化解高校毕业生思想教育的难度。     

A note on Läuter-type robust design for polynomial regression models

In this paper, we consider the problem of model robust design for simultaneous parameter estimation among a class of polynomial regression models with degree up to k. A generalized D-optimality criterion, the Ψ_α‐optimality criterion, first introduced by Läuter (1974) is considered for this problem. By applying the theory of canonical moments and the technique of maximin principle, we derive a model robust optimal design in the sense of having highest minimum Ψ_α‐efficiency. Numerical comparison indicates that the proposed design has remarkable performance for parameter estimation in all of the considered rival models.     

A test statistic for weighted runs

A new test statistic based on runs of weighted deviations is introduced. Its use for observations sampled from independent normal distributions is worked out in detail. It supplements the classic χ² test which ignores the ordering of observations and provides additional sensitivity to local deviations from expectations. The exact distribution of the statistic in the non-parametric case is derived and an algorithm to compute p-values is presented. The computational complexity of the algorithm is derived employing a novel identity for integer partitions.     

“Compassion,pleasantry, and hope”: A process evaluation of a volunteer-based nonprofit

As funders continue to emphasize the importance of documented results, nonprofit organizations must work to complete program evaluations that are both valuable and feasible. The purpose of this paper is to document a practical process evaluation of a southeastern nonprofit, a local Meals on Wheels. Using a mixed methods approach, we sought to answer four evaluation questions: (1) What are the essential program components, as identified by key stakeholders; (2) To what extent are volunteers implementing the identified essential components as intended; (3) What is the level of volunteer satisfaction with the program; and (4) What suggestions do stakeholders have for improving the program? Our findings indicate that most aspects of the program were implemented as intended, but inconsistencies occurred when volunteers were unsure of their assigned duties. In addition, volunteers had high levels of satisfaction and specific suggestions for improvement. From these results, we developed a conceptual model of factors contributing to quality of implementation and volunteer satisfaction that may be generalizable to other volunteer-based nonprofits. Specifically, we identified three factors that helped to facilitate satisfaction and performance: leadership, social contact, and fulfillment. Finally, this process evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of developing and implementing evaluation tools in similar organizations.     

Design and development of a film-based intervention about teenage men and unintended pregnancy: Applying the Medical Research Council framework in practice

Following the UK Medical Research Council's (MRC) guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, this study aimed to design, develop and optimise an educational intervention about young men and unintended teenage pregnancy based around an interactive film. The process involved identification of the relevant evidence base, development of a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of unintended teenage pregnancy in relation to young men, and exploratory mixed methods research. The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, user-endorsed intervention designed to meet the much neglected pregnancy education needs of teenage men and intended to increase both boys’ and girls’ intentions to avoid an unplanned pregnancy during adolescence. In prioritising the development phase, this paper addresses a gap in the literature on the processes of research-informed intervention design. It illustrates the application of the MRC guidelines in practice while offering a critique and additional guidance to programme developers on the MRC prescribed processes of developing interventions. Key lessons learned were: (1) know and engage the target population and engage gatekeepers in addressing contextual complexities; (2) know the targeted behaviours and model a process of change; and (3) look beyond development to evaluation and implementation.     

尼娜的精神分裂探析——论《黑天鹅》中主人公人格的对抗

好莱坞热门电影《黑天鹅》中女主人公尼娜具有典型的精神分裂特征。依据弗洛伊德的本我,自我,超我三种人格的理论,试图探讨尼娜的精神世界。尼娜在"本我"(死亡本能和爱欲本能)和"超我"(母亲的规训和控制)之间进行激烈的挣扎和对抗,并最终走向自我毁灭,其自我毁灭的一刹那也象征着本我人格的胜利。     

一位作家的由来:尖锐的疼痛与心灵的写作--论萧红的创作道路

萧红从20岁时开始了流浪飘泊的生涯，在饥饿、寒冷和病痛的折磨中，在个人感情生活的屡屡伤痛中，在战火和敌机的追逐下，她颠沛流离于哈尔滨、青岛、上海、日本、北京、西安、武汉、重庆、香港等地方，萧红的学生涯始于这飘泊也终于这飘泊。在流浪飘泊的生活中，萧红没有什么可以永久的依靠。在现实生活中，萧红常陷于困境，生活的，情感的，萧红常常是用舍弃自己的方式来面对或妥协，或说，萧红总是难以把握她自己的现实处境，她一次又一次地得到暂时的“稳定”，而最终又都走向了自己难以预感、难以忍受的一个个深渊。这是萧红生活的悲剧。面对如此苦痛的生活，萧红如何在她自己的困境中顽强地生存下去。是写作。正是因为写作，萧红才得到了一种力量，得到欢快、欣慰和可靠的支撑。对萧红写作意义的观照，有助于我们更深入地理解萧红，理解一位作家的由来。