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1.
Michael Johnson's differentiation of “types” of domestic violence has had a significant impact on courts and providers, in part because of its claim to an empirical basis. Unfortunately, the label “situational couple violence” has already been used by judges and evaluators to minimize abuse claims in custody cases. Johnson's repeated assertion that SCV is the most common form of domestic violence reinforces the marginalizing of domestic violence. But what do his data actually show? Here Professor Meier takes a close look at the research Johnson relies on and finds that it fails to prove his thesis. Rather, the data suggest that Johnson has it exactly backward: Control-based abuse is probably far more common than “situational” domestic violence.  相似文献   
2.
Children's participation in legal proceedings affecting them personally has been gaining importance. So far, a primary research concern has been how children experience their participation in court proceedings. However, little is known about the child's voice itself: Are children able to clearly express their wishes, and if so, what do they say in child protection cases? In this study, we extracted information about children's statements from court file data of 220 child protection cases in Germany. We found 182 children were asked about their wishes. The majority of the statements found came either from reports of the guardians ad litem or from judicial records of the child hearings. Using content analysis, three main aspects of the statements were extracted: wishes concerning main place of residence, wishes about whom to have or not contact with, and children granting decision‐making authority to someone else. Children's main focus was on their parents, but others (e.g., relatives and foster care providers) were also mentioned. Intercoder agreement was substantial. Making sure that child hearings are as informative as possible is in the child's best interest. Therefore, the categories developed herein might help professionals to ask questions more precisely relevant to the child.  相似文献   
3.
In 1413 at the death of his wife Guillemot, Jean Aubert, a group of witnesses and a clerk of the local mayoralty met to value the possessions of their residence, resulting in an inventory full of notes and values on rooms and their objects. Within the existing historiography of the Burgundian Netherlands and its northern European neighbours, inventories and their objects tend to be analysed from two perspectives: the Burgundian court and the ‘consumer revolution’. Applying insights from Erving Goffman and Bruno Latour, this article suggests a third perspective should have priority: the urban ‘theatre’ within which objects were documented and placed. Therefore it sets up an alternate methodology which begins with the inventory to build a picture of the theatre (the urban context and residence), the actors (the Aubert family) and the audience (the witnesses of the inventory) to establish new insights into the operation of Burgundian power and the dynamics of the ‘consumer revolution’.  相似文献   
4.
This study examined Family Court of Australia (FCA) judicial determinations in parenting disputes when allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) are made by an interested party, usually the mother. For the study, 156 published judgments from 2013–2015 were examined to measure how often allegations of CSA are substantiated, suspected to be true, and disbelieved. The characteristics most common in substantiated versus unsubstantiated cases, evidence of abuse presented, and resulting parenting orders were assessed. Findings indicate that, against international comparisons, FCA judges substantiate cases very conservatively, with rates of substantiation much lower than in other studies. Allegations made by mothers against fathers were disproportionately unsubstantiated, as were those which did not fall under the Magellan case management system. Cases where the only evidence of CSA was a child’s disclosure and parent’s allegation were common in both substantiated and unsubstantiated cases, meaning that a lack of other evidence does not preclude a positive finding of risk of CSA by the FCA. Those cases also involving a protection order against the accused were more likely to be substantiated. Confirmation biases and a judicial tendency to err on the side of false negatives are discussed.  相似文献   
5.
通过司法体制主体工程之省级统管改革,法院司法资源的外部配置由同级政权上收至省级,这为我国法院司法行政事务集约化改革奠定了重要的主体框架基础,即中央和省级共治的管理体制。但是,目前司法资源在具体配置方面仅实现了“集”, “约”还存在明显不足。在司法体制综合配套改革背景下,有必要进一步促进法院司法行政事务的集约化改革,实现现代法院组织去地方化与去行政化改革目标。在具体路径上,现代法院管理理念应该促进法院内设机构的全面革新,推动法院与人大等部门外部新型关系的构建,完善司法行政事务集约化管理制度:法院“职业经理人”制度、法院经费透明管理制度、建立法院行政事务标准化指南、法院信息化建设等。  相似文献   
6.
This study analyzes three years of data on misdemeanor drug offenders in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. A portion of these offenders opted into a Misdemeanor Drug Diversion Program (MDDP) offered instead of traditional adjudication. Recidivism in the treatment and comparison groups is estimated using standard binary response techniques augmented with propensity score matching to address selection bias. Results show that the MDDP reduces the probability of re-offense by 16%, after adjusting for possible selection bias. Cox proportional hazard modeling is also used to assess time-to-re-offense differentials between the treatment and comparison groups. The survival analysis indicates that the hazard rate of re-offense is 60% lower per day among those treated with the MDDP program than those who did not complete the program. The average number of days to re-offense among those that do re-offend is 297 days in the treatment group and 203 days in the comparison group.  相似文献   
7.
This comparative social-historical study examines different versions of state-socialist body politics manifested in Hungary and Slovenia mainly during the 1950s by using archive material of “unnatural fornication” court cases. By analyzing the available Hungarian “természet elleni fajtalanság” and Slovenian “nenaravno ob?evanje” court cases, we can shed light on how the defendants were treated by the police and the judiciary. On the basis of these archive data that have never been examined before from these angles, we can construct an at least partial picture of the practices and consequences of state surveillance of same-sex-attracted men during state-socialism. The article explores the functioning of state-socialist social control mechanisms directed at nonnormative sexualities that had long-lasting consequences on the social representation of homosexuality in both countries.  相似文献   
8.
证人出庭作证问题,涉及证明标准与法律假设、法律规则与法律标准、诉讼效率与诉讼成本、自利偏见与社会效应等诸多方面。证人不出庭作证的规范依据仍然存在、证人出庭作证的权利和义务不对等、配套措施不完善等原因,导致证人不愿意出庭。美国辩诉交易制度在很大程度上减少了开庭刑事案件的数量,其关于书面陈述的规定也减少了证人出庭作证的需求,在一定程度上实现了被告人人权保护和公共利益的平衡,值得借鉴。完善证人出庭作证制度,应以案件"客观需要"为标准,以追求事实真相为出发点,以人权保护和人性回归为落脚点,遵循限制性处罚原则和禁止利益冲突原则,提高相关规定的可操作性。因此,不宜盲目追求证人高出庭作证率。  相似文献   
9.
人民法院是国家对社会进行管理的机关之一,也应当进行社会管理创新,这是新时期法院工作的需要,是能动司法、公正司法的需要。人民法院通过创新社会管理能够更多化解社会纠纷,既实现了法律效果,也实现了社会效果,为构建社会主义和谐社会作出贡献。但人民法院参与社会管理创新不能乱动,要立足于审判工作,并且注意遵循司法的规律,不能逾越法律底线,应达到化解纠纷,实现公平正义的目的。  相似文献   
10.
宫廷史与政治史研究的结合,也可称之为是宫廷政治史研究,是从政治史的角度研究宫廷史,这一带有侧重点的研究,是对宫廷史研究的深化,也是对政治史研究的补充.以往的研究既不系统,也不深入,很有必要加强.宫廷政治史研究的必要性与其意义大致体现在以下三方面:1.古代王朝国家的皇家私属性,决定了古代政治史的研究必须紧密结合宫廷;2.宫廷事关国家大政,但又具有一定封闭性、私密性、独立性,外朝难于介入,因而国政的研究必须深入宫廷之中;3.宫廷事件、政治斗争引起政局变动,乃至影响王朝的更替,对历史的影响重大,有必要作系统研究.总之,中国古代史欲做全面、深入理解,需要宫廷政治史专门系统的研究.文中着重对宫廷政治史研究的主要内容,诸如:与国政相关的宫廷人物及其活动、事件,与国政相关的宫廷制度,与国政相关的皇室家法,以及每一方面对政治的影响作了分析.  相似文献   
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