When are organizations punished for organizational misconduct? A review and research agenda

Scholars have highlighted the use of punishment as a tool to defend laws and norms, deter deviance, and restore justice in the aftermath of organizational misconduct. However, current theory and research primarily draw on a micro-oriented lens to understand how punishment occurs in response to deviant actors within organizations, neglecting macro-oriented questions of whether and how organizations are punished for their misconduct. We review sociological and macro-organizational work that suggests punitive severity can vary with three key attributes of the organization: status, reputation, and embedded ties. We then develop a mezzo-lens framework motivated at the intersection of micro- and macro-perspectives on organizational misconduct to shed light on opportunities for theoretical expansion by crossing levels of analysis.     

环境信息披露中的政企演化博弈——媒体监督视角

在生态文明建设过程中，媒体作为重要的社会监督主体，在政府监管企业环境信息披露过程中具有重要作用。针对目前企业环境信息披露质量较低的问题，从理论层面分析影响企业环境信息披露的外界因素；立足媒体监督视角，建立政府与企业在环境信息披露中的演化博弈模型，对政府与企业的策略选择和演化稳定策略进行分析；利用Matlab软件进行仿真研究，分析各参数的变化对政企策略选择的影响程度。结果表明:加大媒体监督力度可以督促企业环境信息披露和提高政府监管效率，但媒体监督力度过大会弱化政府监管效力。因此，政府在完善媒体监督机制，加大媒体监督力度的同时也要提升自身监管水平。     

孰轻孰重：市场经济下能力培育与环境建设？——基于农户绿色技术采纳行为的实证

基于湖北省1 090份农户调研数据，以有机肥施用为例，构建Binary Logistic模型探究市场能力、市场环境对农户有机肥施用行为决策的影响机制及作用大小。结果表明：市场能力中主动收集信息对有机肥施用行为产生正向影响，而销售渠道建设却表现出负向影响，市场环境中产品质量检测、要素获取便捷性与地方品牌建设均起到了正向促进作用，且根据变量贡献率大小可知市场环境作用更为显著。进一步根据市场环境的调节效应检验得出，地方品牌建设在技术推广培训、销售渠道建设与农户绿色生产技术采纳行为之间均起到正向调节作用，这说明农户市场能力作用的有效发挥需基于一定的市场环境。基于此，建议加强农户市场能力培育、发挥市场环境的规范性作用、正确认识市场能力和市场环境的作用和定位，以便调动农户有机肥施用积极性，实现农业绿色发展。     

“人类命运共同体”语境下国际法价值理性的增进

国际法在长期的实践当中存在着价值理性弱化的困境，价值理性的趋弱使得国际社会忽视国际法在国际治理中的地位，人类命运共同体理念的出世为国际法价值理性的增进带来曙光。当前人类命运共同体理念已初具影响力，国内政策报告已有初步的系统阐述，该理念在联合国决议中多次出现，表明人类命运共同体在为国际法提供"价值指向"方面有极大的发展潜力。人类命运共同体语言系统中的诸多表述对于国际法价值理性的增进皆有启示意义，从内部形态塑造来看，该理念对于"善治"价值中的"合法性""善意遵守"皆有指导性的表述，从外部环境改良来看，该理念可与"合作"价值下的风险防范、角色定位两方面相联结。为确立具备可操作性的国际法价值理性增进路径，中国、国际组织乃至全球国家都需要扮演好相应的角色，为在人类命运共同体指引下增进国际法的价值理性而努力。     

人工智能辅助地方立法的应用与规制

我国地方立法权随着2015年《立法法》的修改扩至所有设区的市，随之掀起地方立法热潮。但目前地方立法的质量普遍不高，存在诸多问题，人工智能技术的应用能为地方立法开辟新路径。基于互联网及大数据的人工智能，能被应用于资料检索、立项论证、立法公开与意见征集、辅助草案起草、立法后评估与备案审查。与此同时，当人工智能被应用于地方立法工作时，需要确立“辅助原则”，规范人工智能地方立法程序的选用标准，限制人工智能地方立法程序的算法，以此来规制人工智能带来的不利影响。     

章公祖师佛像跨国追索诉讼国际私法问题研究

从章公祖师佛像跨国追索诉讼主体资格问题切入,分析佛像的法律性质,探讨涉案物权准据法的确定及适用问题。该案原告应由阳春村全体村民担任。涉案佛像属于文物,建议村民在荷兰法院提起原物返还之诉。受案法院应当适用物权冲突法确定准据法,即可能适用中国内地、中国香港或荷兰法律。被告在购买时应当对涉案佛像来源产生合理怀疑,因此不构成“善意”;原告应尽可能搜集证据证明《荷兰民法典》规定的20年消灭时效因起诉而中断。依据《香港货品售卖条例》和中国内地物权法理论与实践,被告均不能取得系争佛像的所有权。     

基因编辑技术背后的伦理与人权

当前基因编辑技术发展迅速,引起各国政府、学术界和企业界的广泛关注。但从近期“基因编辑婴儿”事件来看,基因编辑技术的伦理问题仍须厘清,我国现行法律尚不完善。通过保护基因编辑婴儿隐私、切实发挥伦理委员会作用、加快相关立法工作,我们或可更好地解决基因编辑技术背后的伦理和人权问题。     

挣脱生态牢笼的路径探幽——《共产党宣言》中马克思生态思想解读

《共产党宣言》蕴含着深刻的生态思想,其体系以人、社会、自然整体为背景,其核心观点认为生态问题是由资本主义生产方式引起的.马克思在唯物史观视野下,科学论证了资产阶级的所有制必然灭亡、共产主义必然实现的历史发展逻辑,廓清了人与人、人与自然之间双重和解的演化路径.其中关于科技提升、市场拓展、交通和通信发展等引起世界市场“生态扩张”的思想,对全球化程度日益加深境况下“生态文明”和“人类命运共同体”的构建具有重大的理论和实践指导价值.     

Temperament,mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences,and emotion understanding predicting adjustment in preschool children

It is expected that both children and their parents contribute to children's development of emotion knowledge and adjustment. Bidirectional relations between child temperament (fear, frustration, executive control) and mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences were examined to explore how these variables predict children's emotion understanding, social competence, and problem behaviors. Preschool‐aged children (N = 306) and their mothers were assessed across four‐time points. Children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions to children's emotional experiences were assessed when children were 36 and 45 months of age. Emotion understanding was assessed when the children were 54 months of age and teachers reported on children's problem behaviors and social competence when the children were 63 months of age. Covariates included family income, child cognitive ability, gender, and child adjustment at 36 months. Results from path analyses demonstrated that bidirectional relations between children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions were not significant. However, mother's non‐supportive reactions directly predicted fewer problem behaviors, and children's emotion understanding mediated the relation between children's executive control and their later social competence. As such, emotion understanding appears to be one mechanism through which executive control might impact social competence.     

The rise of Trump and an agenda for regulatory reform

The arrival of Trump in the White House does not augur well for the long-run prospects of the US economy. The protectionism that is gathering steam under his presidency may yield some short-term gains, but at the detriment of the long-run. Examining the discontent among ordinary voters that brought Trump to power, this paper argues that this should be treated as an opportunity for a major regulatory reform. With the advance of digital technology, we have increasing returns to scale, and that, in turn, is making our antitrust laws backfire and hurt the well-being of ordinary people, thereby sowing discontent. The paper builds a simple model to illustrate this and makes the case for revoking the older antitrust laws and replacing them with some simple profit-sharing rules at the level of the firm, and the economy.