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1.
《Long Range Planning》2022,55(3):102142
A longstanding debate in the strategic decision-making literature has focused on whether top management teams (TMTs) can effectively balance speed and comprehensiveness when making important decisions. In our research, we build on early insights and pivot from considering whether TMTs can engage indecision-making that balances these tensions to focus instead on when certain types of TMTs are able to achieve such balance. We employ a novel configurational analytical approach and a theoretical framework built from role theory to examine the CEO-TMT interface in a new way. In so doing, we are able to identify specific CEO-TMT constellations that support decision-making that is both fast and rigorous. Using a unique primary dataset and an abductive, configurational approach grounded in fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we identify six specific leader-team configurations that each facilitate decision processes characterized by rigorous intra-team debate, meaningful reconciliation of divergent ideas, and fast decision speed (which we describe as strategic decision-making balance). The range of CEO-TMT configurations that emerge from our analyses contribute new theory and findings for the strategic decision-making and interface literatures more broadly, as well as the specific research streams on executive gender, humility, and TMT structure.  相似文献   
2.
人口增长与集聚为超大城市的发展提供动力,也给其自然资源系统带来极大扰动,使之呈现脆弱性特征;为实现超大城市人口—自然资源可持续发展,近年来政府实施了大量调控政策,但因对城市人口—自然资源系统的复杂互动难以精确量化,导致超大城市人口与自然资源关系治理困难重重。基于此,以北京市为例构建人口—自然资源系统可持续性评价框架,从政策干预视角,分析不同类型调控政策(如人口调控、技术改进、资源管制等)与人口、自然资源的因果关系,并利用Laplace准则结合决策者风险喜好,模拟混合政策干预对人口—自然资源系统可持续性带来的影响。结果显示:政策干预是保证北京市人口—自然资源系统可持续发展的重要手段,其中,人口调控政策是北京市人口—自然资源系统可持续性变动的主要影响因素,资源管制和技术改进是次要影响因素;随着政策干预强度的增加,由于人口系统安全性和自然资源系统脆弱性的互动博弈,北京市人口—自然资源可持续性逐渐趋于稳定;在Laplace情景下,人口安全性减弱了1.82%,损失不大;而自然资源脆弱性减弱了12.13%,收益较高;最终使得人口—自然资源系统可持续性增强了6.23%。因此,对于超大城市的政策干预需...  相似文献   
3.
Propensity score matching (PSM) has been widely used to reduce confounding biases in observational studies. Its properties for statistical inference have also been investigated and well documented. However, some recent publications showed concern of using PSM, especially on increasing postmatching covariate imbalance, leading to discussion on whether PSM should be used or not. We review empirical and theoretical evidence for and against its use in practice and revisit the property of equal percent bias reduction and adapt it to more practical situations, showing that PSM has some additional desirable properties. With a small simulation, we explore the impact of caliper width on biases due to mismatching in matched samples and due to the difference between matched and target populations and show some issue of PSM may be due to inadequate caliper selection. In summary, we argue that the right question should be when and how to use PSM rather than to use or not to use it and give suggestions accordingly.  相似文献   
4.
药品安全关乎人民群众生命健康、经济发展、社会稳定和国家安全,一直以来都是政府和全社会关注的热点问题之一。但是,近年来频发的各类药品安全事件,揭露了政府监管缺失、药品检测机制不完善、公众投诉失效等诸多问题。本文考虑了药品检测中存在寻租现象,构建了药品生产企业、第三方药品检测机构和政府监管部门之间的三方演化博弈模型,分析了各参与方策略选择的演化稳定性,探讨了各要素对三方策略选择的影响关系,进一步分析了三方博弈系统中均衡点的稳定性。研究结果表明:1)政府增强奖励、惩罚力度均有助于促进企业生产高药效药品、第三方药品检测机构拒绝寻租的规范行为,但是增大奖励力度将不利于政府自身履行监管职责;2)政府设定合理的奖惩机制必须符合对各方的奖惩之和大于其投机收益的条件,才能保障演化稳定市场环境下的药品安全;3)上级政府对监管部门失职的问责对增强企业生产高药效药品的稳健性具有重要意义;4)提升企业的药品销售收益、增加企业寻租成本也是避免企业生产低药效药品的有效途径。最后,利用Matlab 2020b进行了仿真分析,为政府完善药品监管机制提出了对策与建议。  相似文献   
5.
“互联网+健康医疗”模式已然成为我国健康医疗产业发展的一个新方向,为解决传统医疗行业中存在的诸多问题提供了新思路。在分析“互联网+健康医疗”对传统医疗的影响及其发展机制的基础上,利用存量流量图等工具构建“互联网+健康医疗”体系模型,运用Vensim软件对我国“互联网+健康医疗”发展情况进行仿真,并模拟相关政策的干预效果。结果表明:“互联网+健康医疗”在降低潜在医疗需求(PMD)、促进分级诊疗中具有重要作用,保障医疗保险能够较好地嵌入“互联网+健康医疗”就诊流程中对降低PMD最有意义,而降低整体门诊价格对于优化就医结构、促进分级诊疗最为有效。  相似文献   
6.
社区教育与社区治理具有高度耦合性,社区教育的资源性输入会形成社区治理的意识性输出。通过对四川省J县社区教育实践的分析,发现社区共同体意识的具体生成理路是:社区教育以知识生产、价值生产、情感生产、制度生产为依托,以利益生成为动力,以共识生成为旨归,通过社区教育的资源性输入建构了社区共同体的意识性输出链路。针对社区共同体意识生成中动态转化性较弱、横向传导性较差、纵向转化率较低的问题,需要从调适社区教育项目、建构关联点和提升关联密度、强化教育—实践和个体利益—社区利益微链路层面入手,实现输入—输出链路的优化。探究社区教育视角下社区共同体意识的生成理路,对于形塑社区教育与社区治理融合共生机制、促成社区教育与社区治理目标耦合、实现社区治理共建共商共享目标具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。  相似文献   
7.
Neoteric ranked set sampling (NRSS) is a recently developed sampling plan, derived from the well-known ranked set sampling (RSS) scheme. It has already been proved that NRSS provides more efficient estimators for population mean and variance compared to RSS and other sampling designs based on ranked sets. In this work, we propose and evaluate the performance of some two-stage sampling designs based on NRSS. Five different sampling schemes are proposed. Through an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, we verified that all proposed sampling designs outperform RSS, NRSS, and the original double RSS design, producing estimators for the population mean with a lower mean square error. Furthermore, as with NRSS, two-stage NRSS estimators present some bias for asymmetric distributions. We complement the study with a discussion on the relative performance of the proposed estimators. Moreover, an additional simulation based on data of the diameter and height of pine trees is presented.  相似文献   
8.
In this paper, we consider inference of the stress-strength parameter, R, based on two independent Type-II censored samples from exponentiated Fréchet populations with different index parameters. The maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators, exact and asymptotic confidence intervals and hypotheses testing for R are obtained. We conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate the performance of these estimators and confidence intervals. Finally, two real data sets are analysed for illustrative purposes.  相似文献   
9.
In this paper, we discuss some theoretical results and properties of the discrete Weibull distribution, which was introduced by Nakagawa and Osaki [The discrete Weibull distribution. IEEE Trans Reliab. 1975;24:300–301]. We study the monotonicity of the probability mass, survival and hazard functions. Moreover, reliability, moments, p-quantiles, entropies and order statistics are also studied. We consider likelihood-based methods to estimate the model parameters based on complete and censored samples, and to derive confidence intervals. We also consider two additional methods to estimate the model parameters. The uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimate of one of the parameters that index the discrete Weibull model is discussed. Numerical evaluation of the considered model is performed by Monte Carlo simulations. For illustrative purposes, two real data sets are analyzed.  相似文献   
10.
The two-way two-levels crossed factorial design is a commonly used design by practitioners at the exploratory phase of industrial experiments. The F-test in the usual linear model for analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a key instrument to assess the impact of each factor and of their interactions on the response variable. However, if assumptions such as normal distribution and homoscedasticity of errors are violated, the conventional wisdom is to resort to nonparametric tests. Nonparametric methods, rank-based as well as permutation, have been a subject of recent investigations to make them effective in testing the hypotheses of interest and to improve their performance in small sample situations. In this study, we assess the performances of some nonparametric methods and, more importantly, we compare their powers. Specifically, we examine three permutation methods (Constrained Synchronized Permutations, Unconstrained Synchronized Permutations and Wald-Type Permutation Test), a rank-based method (Aligned Rank Transform) and a parametric method (ANOVA-Type Test). In the simulations, we generate datasets with different configurations of distribution of errors, variance, factor's effect and number of replicates. The objective is to elicit practical advice and guides to practitioners regarding the sensitivity of the tests in the various configurations, the conditions under which some tests cannot be used, the tradeoff between power and type I error, and the bias of the power on one main factor analysis due to the presence of effect of the other factor. A dataset from an industrial engineering experiment for thermoformed packaging production is used to illustrate the application of the various methods of analysis, taking into account the power of the test suggested by the objective of the experiment.  相似文献   
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