外资法的选择:南非改革《投资保护法案》

国际投资体系正在遭遇危机，越来越多的国家开始质疑双边投资协定提供的投资者保护制度是否确实有益于增加投资的流动，全球多个国家正在审慎地进行外国投资法的改革。基于此，文章以南非的实践为现实起点，通过概述南非投资保护制度变革的缘由以及深入剖析《投资保护法案》的立法意图，阐明其以国内立法维护公共利益监管权力的法律选择，旨在“一带一路”背景下，为远赴南非的中国投资者提供法律风险的预判，揭示外资法变革对于中国投资者可能产生的影响。对于南非建立新的投资保护制度，其将面临的挑战是如何维持稳定、可预测的投资环境与实现投资保护改革的若干目标之间的平衡。      

Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles,Regulatory Self-Efficacy and Adolescent Risk Taking

This study aims to calculate a scaled risk-taking behavior index and to test a model in which maternal and paternal parenting styles affect risk-taking behavior with a mediation of adolescents’ regulatory self-efficacy. Participants were 816 adolescents (44% males) responding to a self-report questionnaire about their risk-taking behavior, regulatory self-efficacy, and retrospective memories of paternal and maternal parenting styles. Results suggested an item rating in the index showing that behaviors considered less risky referred to alcohol use and the unplanned first sexual intercourse, whereas behaviors considered more risky referred to the lack of use of contraceptives and the age of the first sexual intercourse. Results revealed a significant indirect effect of authoritative and authoritarian styles on risk-taking behavior. These styles shaped the adolescents’ regulatory self-efficacy, which in turn predicted adolescent risk-taking behavior. Results underline the complex interplay of relationships between parents and their children.     

The disembedded digital economy: Social protection for new economy employment in China

This research focuses upon employment in the new economy, exploring labour protection and social protection in the digital age in China. Through an empirical survey conducted in three Chinese cities, social insurance and the labour rights of employees in the digital economic sector, such as gig employment, e-commerce, and various other forms of online employment, have been examined in-depth. This study reveals new regulatory loopholes in the digital labour market, which have substantially eroded the basis of social policy arrangements in China, “softening” participation in social insurance branches and compliance with labour regulations remarkably. Drawing upon the theoretical concepts of Polanyi on embeddedness and disembeddedness, we argue that the digital employment sector in China has been increasingly disembedded from social institutions and social control. The new configuration in the digital field of social policy requires novel conceptual models and institutional settings to cope with increasing social risks in virtual spaces.     

陆梁油田薄层底水油藏水平井井筒模拟研究

新疆陆梁油田呼图壁河组油藏发育一类特殊的薄层底水型油藏，其特点是油层厚度薄，构造幅度低，底水能量大，利用水平井开采，表现出无水采油期短、含水率上升速度快、产量递减大的特点。针对这些问题，采用水平井数值模拟方法，建立了考虑摩擦压力损失的水平井井筒模型，明确了摩擦压力损失对水平井的压力分布以及水平段产量的影响，在此基础上，分析研究了水平井底水锥进的水脊特征，判断了水平井出水位置，提出了封堵出水井段并结合油藏工程方法确定了水平井合理产液量，从而达到抑制底水快速锥进，减小压力损失，降低含水率上升速度的目的。     

低压欠平衡钻井—勘探钻井技术发展新动向(待续)

从世界石油经济和供求前景分析出发,得到了石油工业上游领域必须重视难拿储量、重视改造挖潜、重视增产增效、重视提高探井水平的结论。从这些必须要重视的技术领域出发,分析了地质特点、储层特点和经济技术特点,指出了完成这些艰巨任务必须要采用低压欠平衡钻井技术。最后介绍了国外低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的现状及存在问题,结合西南石油学院近7年的储备研究成果,介绍了我国低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的重点和方向。     

卖空压力对企业债券期限选择的影响——来自中国放松卖空管制准自然实验的证据

放松卖空管制后,投资者可通过挖掘公司“坏消息”在资本市场投资获利,在允许被卖空情境中,公司内部股东和管理层面临股价下行压力增大,会积极采取行动以规避被卖空的风险。借助中国证券市场2010年开始逐步放松卖空管制的准自然实验,以2007—2015年上市公司为样本,考察卖空压力对企业债券契约的影响。研究发现:放松卖空管制与企业债券期限显著负相关,特别是在大股东持股比例较高和管理层市场压力更大时。进一步分析发现,放松卖空管制与企业债务期限结构显著负相关,表明放松卖空管制会促使企业缩短发行债券的期限。研究结果显示,面对放松卖空管制引起的股价下行压力,公司大股东和管理层为了规避被卖空风险,会积极选择缩短发行债券期限以传递信号,证实了卖空机制对改善市场信息环境的积极作用。政府可以通过加强卖空机制制度建设和监管,推动企业调整行为决策,降低信息不对称。     

经济承压背景下中国能源经济预测与展望

2019年中央经济工作会议强调,中国正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期,经济下行压力不断加大。以此为背景阐述能源经济发展现状,分析重点行业发展前景,通过不同情景下的预测分析,探讨经济承压背景下中国能源经济发展的路径与趋势。根据预测结果,经济承压对各行业的能源消费量存在普遍影响,尤其是煤炭、黑色金属冶炼和汽车行业的能源消费量在未来一段时间将呈下降趋势;在基准情形下,预计到2030年,中国GDP将达到171.97万亿元（2018年不变价水平）,能源消费总量约57.09亿吨标准煤,煤炭消费占比将不断下降,清洁能源占比预计达到41.7%。根据预测结果,有针对性地在能源消费结构、能源效率和能源合作方面提出政策建议。     

高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入

文章选取2013—2018年A股共计1221家制造业上市企业的数据为研究样本,实证检验了高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入的关系。研究发现:高管薪酬激励、战略差异都能显著促进企业研发投入;战略差异能够显著抑制高管薪酬激励对企业研发投入的促进作用。文章不仅丰富了高管薪酬的研究,还为制定企业战略,加大创新力度提供了参考,同时也丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究。     

深井水平井水平段水力延伸能力评价与分析

对影响水平井水平段延伸能力的因素进行了分析,然后根据钻井液流体力学理论,建立了水平井循环压耗计算模型,分别对水平井总循环压耗和水平段环空压耗进行计算,进而求出了水平井水平段极限延伸长度值;对钻井液密度、钻井泵额定压力、岩屑床高度和钻井液排量对水平段水力延伸能力的影响进行了分析。研究表明,水平段水力延伸能力受钻井液密度、钻井泵额定压力、岩屑床高度和钻井液排量等多个因素共同影响。为了提高深井水平井的延伸能力,应使用较低密度的钻井液;尽量保持较低的岩屑床高度;钻井液排量应尽量小。同时还认识到,深井水平井水力延伸能力主要受到钻井泵额定压力的制约。研发高额定压力的钻井泵,是提高深井水平井水力延伸能力的主要措施。     

Migration decision-making and migration industry in the Indonesia–Malaysia corridor

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the involvement of migration industry (MI) in the migration system of Indonesia and Malaysia. The two countries share an extensive border and have much in common in culture and history but they are very different in geographical size, population and economic development, the latter being a main cause for labour migration from Indonesia to Malaysia. The changing context of government policies generates new niches for migration services taken up by formal and informal intermediaries, thereby confronting migrants with a varied migration-decision field and thresholds during their migration process. Much of the migration is legal, but a large part of it also takes place outside the control of the national governments. While taking mental processes in migration decision-making as starting point, we analyse how the MI, by way of fostering, facilitating and controlling geographic mobility and localised employment, connects to the production and negotiating of three migration decision thresholds faced by migrants.