Local mobilisations and the formation of environmental networks in a democratizing Tunisia

ABSTRACT

This study examines the environmental protests that occurred in Tunisia after the 2011 uprisings. It analyses the factors underpinning the rise of the environmental networks during the period of transition (2011–2014). It details the mobilising strategies that were crucial for the networks’ growth or survival during this period of institutional instability. The study shows how networks leaders were able to bring together social and political actors from different backgrounds and ideological orientations. It is argued that the ability of networks to develop new distinctive collective identities was crucial for network sustainability. Those networks and actors who did not develop new clearly defined environmental identities and continued to rely importantly on pre-existing (authoritarian) structures and practices were more negatively impacted by ideological cleavages and political calculations. Empirically, the contribution builds on interviews and observations, as well as documents collected from Tunisian municipalities between 2013 and 2015. Conceptually, the research proposes a bottom-up perspective that highlights the interplay between micro- and macro-dynamics and strategies during a political transition. The analysis details the actors’ capacity to build alliances via interpersonal relations at the micro level, and their strategies to engage with institutional actors and processes.     

‘It's kind of saving them a job isn't it?’ The consumption work of household recycling

Consumers play an integral role in societal divisions of labour. Rather than simply consume, they frequently perform labour. Incorporating consumers into the division of labour poses a challenge to this foundational and enduring concept, given its traditional focus on the technical division of tasks/skills within a labour process. Yet, insofar as completion of a circuit of production, distribution, exchange and consumption is predicated on consumers undertaking work in order to/after they consume, analysis of the division of labour would be incomplete without their inclusion. This paper uses the case of household recycling to demonstrate the importance of ‘consumption work’ for the organization of the waste management industry in England. By sorting their waste, consumers initiate a new economic process, providing feedstock (such as metals, plastics and paper) which in turn creates jobs/profits within the recycling, processing and manufacturing industries. Consumers also reconfigure public and private sector responsibilities when they sort their recyclable materials from general household waste, revealing the interdependency of consumption work with labour conducted under different socio‐economic relations and across differing socio‐economic domains. This paper makes the case for a renewed conception of division of labour to account for transformations and interconnections between work of different forms within contemporary society.     

关于电视公益广告创意的思考——《榫·卯》电视公益广告剖析

文章从北京广播电视台制作的电视公益广告《榫·卯感悟传统传承文化》入手,对公益广告在主题创意方面的推陈出新和在艺术表现形式方面的鲜明特色,以及艺术表现形式对主题的成功互动进行系统分析。通过典型案例,对新时期电视公益广告创意提出四点建议:电视公益广告必须提高政治敏锐性,紧扣时代主题;要以人为本,抓住人民群众普遍关心的问题;要不断创新艺术表现形式,让人喜闻乐见;要讲好中国故事,传播好中国声音。     

政府补贴下竞争型WEEE闭环供应链定价决策研究

针对由单个制造商和两个回收商组成的电子电器闭环供应链,考虑合格回收商与不合格回收商相互竞争,研究政府回收处理补贴及消费者渠道偏好对闭环供应链决策的影响。发现:竞争环境下,随着回收处理补贴的提高,合格回收商的竞争力随之增大;制造商、各回收商及系统利润均随着消费者对正规回收渠道偏好的提高而增加,政府应积极促进消费者对正规回收渠道的认知与接受度。     

自由的陷阱：《A & P》中的资本主义文化矛盾

约翰·厄普代克的短篇小说《A & P》以艺术的手法,通过对普通民众、Sammy 和泳装少女在 A & P 商场中“自由”行为的描述,揭示了资本主义文化矛盾的本质,以及资本主义社会中,人们自由的丧失及对自由的追求,揭露了20世纪60年代美国社会所鼓吹的自由的本质,即自由的陷阱。     

基于董事会特征调节效应的R&D与绩效关系研究——来自新一代信息技术企业的经验数据

文章以2009至2012年为研究区间,选取沪深A股主板137家新一代信息技术上市公司的347个样本数据作为研究对象,对基于董事会特征调节效应的R&D投入与企业绩效的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明,新一代信息技术企业R&D投入与企业绩效呈正相关的关系;董事持股比例和关键董事年龄都是同质调节变量,对R&D投入与企业绩效关系的形态和方向进行调节,董事持股比例越高或关键董事年龄越低对二者关系的影响越强;董事会会议强度不是调节变量。     

废旧手机回收行为影响因素的实证研究--基于在校大学生问卷调查

基于对在校大学生废旧手机回收行为的问卷调查结果,运用统计软件SPSS ,通过因子分析和回归分析,对大学生废旧手机回收行为、行为意向及其影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明：大学生废旧手机回收行为意向与行为具有显著正向影响;主观规范、个人消费观念、知觉行为控制、环境知识对行为意向具有正向显著影响,且影响力依次递减。据此提出相关改进建议,有效促进大学生积极参与废旧手机回收。     

基于能力构建的石油企业工程技术服务一体化模式

从分析顾客价值、企业能力以及企业竞争优势间的关系入手,构建石油工程技术服务企业能力评价体系并运用层次分析法识别其关键能力要素。通过选取国内外有影响的石油工程技术服务企业进行对标分析,探讨构建石油工程技术服务企业一体化服务能力的基本架构,并对一体化服务能力的核心要素构成进行分析研究,认为构建基于业务链延伸和定制的工程技术一体化服务能力是适合于中国石油工程技术服务企业提升国际竞争优势的有效模式。     

生态文明视域下农村生活垃圾的防治——基于四川省巴中市平昌县的调研数据

基于对四川省平昌县农村生活垃圾污染现状的调研，分析农村生活垃圾对自然环境、农产品质量、居民身体健康的影响。调研结果显示，当前农村生活垃圾污染防治存在的问题主要是：农村居民环境保护意识差、农村环境保护法律法规制度不健全、环境执法监管部门监督缺失、农村环境卫生基础设施建设严重滞后等。为了有效防治农村生活垃圾污染，推进农村生态文明体系建设，需要充分发挥制度优势加强生态文明理念宣传教育，促使农村居民养成绿色消费的生活习惯，完善农村环境保护法律法规体系，发挥村委会对农村环境保护的监督作用，加快农村环境保护基础设施建设，大力发展生态农业经济等。     

Participatory shaping of community futures in e‐waste processing hubs: Complexity,conflict and stewarded convergence in a Palestinian context

This article describes an unconventional participatory development approach carried out in an informal e‐waste hub in South‐West Hebron, an area that has collected and processed the bulk of Israeli e‐waste for over a decade. Our approach contributes to the critique and recovery of community representation in participatory development and the search for ways to facilitate representative community engagement. Specifically, we describe our use of a novel Delphi‐like method that allowed us to facilitate a broadly endorsed development trajectory within a heterogeneous and conflicted community. We show how the results yielded by this approach diverged from those that were likely to emerge from more facile forms of participation in ways that are important for other similar e‐waste hubs internationally, which face a destructive status quo on the one hand, or the economically ruinous international policies that ban e‐waste trade from “developed” to “developing” countries on the other. Despite real tensions and cleavages within the affected communities, the process described facilitated a shift from deadlocked environmental versus livelihood positions towards building capacity and regulating existing informal e‐waste trades to preserve livelihoods dependent on these.