涉非法吸收公众存款案件中的合同效力问题研究

涉非法吸收公众存款犯罪的民事案件主要是民间借贷案件。借款合同与保证合同的效力认定问题，超出了民法的阈限，触及到刑法评价与民法评价的关系这一根本，成了困扰民事审判的一大难题。对此，理论上与实践中存在两种针锋相对的方法论立场，即刑主民附论与刑民分离论。然而，这两种立场都有失偏颇。只有消除立场上的偏颇，才能将合同效力认定纳入正确的轨道。吸收资金不应被认定为违法所得，不应适用追缴或责令退赔。如此，由于追缴与责令退赔的适用所引发的刑民间评价矛盾及其对效力认定造成的干扰，才能被彻底消除。非法吸收公众存款犯罪是行政犯，合同违法性评价，应以《商业银行法》第11条第二款规定为根据。从规制对象来看，作为准入规制的《商业银行法》第11条，并不意在规制合同行为；依法益权衡而言，认定合同有效也并不阻碍该条规制目的之实现。因此，《商业银行法》第11条并非《合同法》第52条第（五）项意义上的强制性规定。对该条的违反，不应成为认定合同无效的理由。     

Comparison on predictors of mental health service use among Asian older adults

Studies have mostly examined mental health service use of older Asian immigrant combining all Asian Americans into one group whereas immigration backgrounds and socioeconomic status of each Asian minority group are different. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictors of mental health service use within specific ethnic groups among older Asian adults focusing on Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese in California. The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP) is used to guide the secondary data analysis of a sample of 3,453 older Asian immigrants from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Logistic and linear regression analyses are performed to examine predictors of mental health service use and the frequency of mental health service use, respectively. As results, mental health‐seeking patterns differ by ethnicity within the older Asian immigrant sample, not being married (Korean), higher levels of acculturation (Filipino), lower levels of neighborhood cohesion (Korean and Vietnamese), higher levels of perceived safety (Korean) and lower levels of perceived safety (Vietnamese), higher levels of mental distress (Korean and Filipino), and having perceived need (all) were related to more visits for mental health services. The study findings highlight the necessity of cultural competency services and programs for each Asian ethnicity.     

西部农村家庭父母教育卷入现状及成效——基于陕西省宁强县4 643份数据的实证研究

我国西部农村地区家长外出务工比例高、留守学生比重大、寄宿现象普遍、亲子沟通匮乏，针对这一特点，重点分析了农村家庭教育中父母卷入现状及其对不同类型学生学业发展的影响，依据2017年12月陕西省宁强县4 643份初中生调查数据，分析了不同父母卷入行为对不同留守类型、不同寄宿状况学生学业发展的影响差异。研究发现：父母情感卷入均能显著提升各类学生的学业水平，且对单留守学生影响最明显；父母认知卷入均会显著负向影响学生的学业水平，与走读学生相比，父母认知卷入对寄宿学生学业水平的负向影响程度更大；在行为卷入上，母亲行为卷入仅对非留守及走读学生的学业水平有显著正向影响。因此，改善初中生学业发展，家庭教育作用显著，学校应适当通过家长学校等方式干预、促进家庭教育中的情感投入，针对不同留守、寄宿状况的学生，父母应给予子女差异化的关怀与帮助。     

学前儿童性别角色教育现状调查研究——以东北八个地级市为例

采用自编问卷调查了学前儿童性别角色教育现状，发现当前学前儿童性别角色教育过程中存在的问题主要集中体现在性别角色教育意识、性别角色教育内容、性别角色教育形式和性别刻板印象四个方面，其中尤其以性别刻板印象问题较为明显或严重。在对上述问题深入分析的基础上，提出了相应的教育策略，主要包括加强对在职学前儿童教师培训，提升其学前儿童性别角色教育的意识；根据学前儿童的身心发展特点选择适宜的性别角色教育内容与多种多样的教育方法；采取适当措施尽量淡化性别的刻板印象；性别角色教育还应体现出渐进的发展阶段性特点等。     

王守仁儿童自然教育思想及其对幼儿家庭教养方式的启示

王守仁的儿童自然教育思想是以“明人伦”的教育目的、“心即理”的心学理论作为其思想的基础，结合自身的教学经验总结形成的思想理论体系。他以树为喻，认为儿童的教育要遵循自然规律，这在当时具有先进性和科学性。本文主要通过解读王守仁的自然教育思想，即教育要顺应性情，因材施教，注重独立探索等。其思想对当今幼儿家庭教养方式的启示为：清晰认识儿童，把握自然生长规律；随人分限所及，对儿童有适度期望；尊重而非压制，创造和谐家庭氛围；注重德行习惯，促进儿童全面发展；重视潜移默化，言传身教树立榜样；着重实践探索，锻炼儿童独立思考。     

A New Methodology for Before–After Safety Assessment Using Survival Analysis and Longitudinal Data

The widely used empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) methods for before–after safety assessment are sometimes limited because of the extensive data needs from additional reference sites. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel before–after safety evaluation methodology based on survival analysis and longitudinal data as an alternative to the EB/FB method. A Bayesian survival analysis (SARE) model with a random effect term to address the unobserved heterogeneity across sites is developed. The proposed survival analysis method is validated through a simulation study before its application. Subsequently, the SARE model is developed in a case study to evaluate the safety effectiveness of a recent red‐light‐running photo enforcement program in New Jersey. As demonstrated in the simulation and the case study, the survival analysis can provide valid estimates using only data from treated sites, and thus its results will not be affected by the selection of defective or insufficient reference sites. In addition, the proposed approach can take into account the censored data generated due to the transition from the before period to the after period, which has not been previously explored in the literature. Using individual crashes as units of analysis, survival analysis can incorporate longitudinal covariates such as the traffic volume and weather variation, and thus can explicitly account for the potential temporal heterogeneity.     

Comfort with discussions about death,religiosity, and attitudes about end‐of‐life care

In end‐of‐life (EOL) care research, death anxiety and religiosity are often overlooked. Terror management theory (TMT) may provide a useful conceptual model with which to examine how comfort discussing death and religiosity influence attitudes related to EOL care. A telephone‐based survey was conducted among community‐dwelling adults in the Unites States. Via random sampling, with over‐sampling of Hispanics/African Americans, 123 completed survey interviews (response rate = 46%) were analyzed. Respondents were more likely to have better attitudes toward EOL care if they were older or white, religiously active, and comfortable with the subject of death. Religiosity and comfort discussing death were correlated with each other and remained significant predictors of attitudes about EOL care even without demographic covariates. Findings suggest that promoting an open dialogue about mortality may improve attitudes about EOL care and utilization of palliative care services. The study also provides evidence about the utility and applicability of TMT for EOL care.     

中国企业国际化过程的“加速”和“跳跃”：过度自信视角

 传统的国际化理论模型长期用一种刻板、静态的思想对国际化活动进行思考，事实上，企业的国际化成长过程存在着复杂的、多元的国际化行为组合和行为序列模式。即使在国际化程度相同的情况下，国际化过程的差异也可能导致截然不同的组织绩效。中国企业国际化过程体现出的“加速”和“跳跃”特征令世界瞩目，但少有研究关注中国企业国际化过程背后的管理者决策逻辑。而且，目前相关研究大多基于管理者理性人假设，忽略了管理者非理性行为对国际化过程特征的影响。        基于高阶梯队和行为金融等理论，探讨高管过度自信对中国企业对外直接投资速度和节奏等国际化动态过程特征的影响，并考察在内部股权结构和外部国际化压力的双重情景下该影响机制的变化情况。以具有国际化行为的中国上市公司为研究样本，通过手工整理获取2007年至2013年301家上市公司国际化过程面板数据，选择固定效应模型进行多元回归分析。        研究结果表明，①高管过度自信与国际化速度和国际化节奏之间均存在显著的正相关关系，即高管过度自信心理会促使中国企业国际化过程的速度增加，不规律性增强；②内部国有股权比例增加显著增强高管过度自信对国际化速度和国际化节奏的正向影响；③企业外部产业国际化竞争压力显著遏制中国企业高管过度自信对企业国际化速度和国际化节奏的正向影响。        在中国特定的制度环境和管理情景下，讨论高管过度自信心理对企业国际化过程特征产生的影响，验证了中国企业国际化扩张背后存在的高管非理性因素，为行为金融理论和国际化过程研究等相关研究领域的进一步推进做出了贡献。另外，探讨内部股权和外部产业竞争的影响，进一步丰富了公司治理和产业竞争的相关实证研究。研究结论对于高管团队管理和企业国际化决策管理具有较好的实践指导意义。     

丹巴土司制度发展历史考证

丹巴位于“藏彝走廊”的核心区域，其对汉藏民族关系、中央政权与边疆地区的稳定均具有重要影响。自忽必烈时期开始丹巴即开始实行土司制度直至新中国成立，研究丹巴的土司制度发展历史对梳理“藏彝走廊”民族关系及社会发展历史具有重要作用。本文对丹巴土司制度的发展历史进行了考证，并对其境内的四个土司的管辖范围、权力地位进行了梳理，以期对该地区历史发展研究提供一些参考与借鉴。     

The heterogeneous impact of pension income on elderly living arrangements: evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme

This paper investigates the impact of pension income on living arrangements of the elderly. Taking advantage of a unique opportunity due to the recent establishment and expansion of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China, we explicitly address the endogeneity of pension status and pension income through a fixed-effect model with instrumental variable approach by exploiting exogenous time variation in the program implementation at county level. We find an overall positive effect of pension income on independent living as well as considerable heterogeneity. The positive income effects of the NRPS are concentrated among the elderly with adult children living nearby, of higher socio-economic status, and with better health at baseline; for other groups, the effects are insignificant. We also find that more generous programs exhibit larger effects. Our results highlight that living arrangement is multidimensional in rural China.