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1.
本文主要结合澳洲土著作家的作品与经历,探讨美国黑人文学对澳洲土著文学的影响。澳洲土著人受到美国黑人最大的影响就是汲取了他们对压迫的战斗性抵抗精神。正是美国黑人在社会、政治和文化上取得的权力强烈地激励着澳洲土著人,影响着当代土著人的文学感悟力。  相似文献   
2.
过去十几年里,各类旨在包含土著文化内涵和观点的融合教育方案,在加拿大公立学校教育体系中持续发展.在土著文化融合教育中,学生和家长是土著文化融合教育的积极参与者,教师是土著文化融合教育的践行者和榜样.学校与社区是土著文化融合教育有效实施的保障.加拿大的土著融合教育,在课程设置、师资培训以及发挥学校和社区作用方面,为我国的少数民族教育提供了借鉴与参考.  相似文献   
3.
王宏宇 《民族学刊》2016,7(5):8-14,99-100
The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.  相似文献   
4.
湿婆之舞是印度文化的最核心的形象符号,要理解这一象征,不但需要对湿婆之舞的形象进行细析,还需要从印度思想的基本结构,空幻宇宙进行理解,还可以从古印度文明与雅利安文明的融合之中去理解.这三方面又构成了印度文化的三个主题,可以对印度文化形成三个较好的观看视点.  相似文献   
5.
中国与东南亚各国很早就发生了联系,除了两者之间的贸易外,东南亚各国还充当了东西方贸易的中转站,渡斯人、阿拉伯人是早期东西方贸易的主要参与者。在中国与东南亚的移民活动中,既有海外穆斯林移民中国,也有原先居住在中国的穆斯林移民东南亚,中国与东南亚之间隐约存在着某种伊斯兰联系,而且这种联系随着明代郑和7下西洋得到了进一步的巩固和加强。  相似文献   
6.
刘媛 《社区》2009,(14):52-52
众所周知.法国人爱狗如命.可如果是在春天,全巴黎最受宠的小动物却是蟋蟀和青蛙。法国蟋蟀并没有高卢血统。在遥远的中世纪.它们乘坐香料船从阿富汗越洋而至。这些来自异域的“移虫”.自然与法国南部的蟋蟀土著不同:它们身材娇小,害怕寒冷。  相似文献   
7.
清代台湾土著从化外到化内的转变,与王朝推行土著军事化不无关系.官府利用土著身体素质的优势和善射的技能,逐步将其编入国家军事系统,尤以乾隆末年屯番制和清末"开山抚番"较为典型.在台湾历次军事行动中,土著几乎都与官府并肩作战,彰显了王朝军事化的成功,土著社会在军事化过程中认同了王朝统治,也完成了从化外到化内的转变.  相似文献   
8.
澳大利亚土著作家马都鲁创作的第一部澳洲土著小说《野猫下坠》描绘了土著在殖民社会的孤独感、幻灭感和逃遁感.从后殖民主义的视角来看,马都鲁不仅试图探讨土著混血儿的身份认同问题,突出土著文化传承的意义,还试图通过模拟欧洲白人的文学形式、语言和后现代创作手法,动摇殖民话语的稳定性,解构白人的文化霸权.  相似文献   
9.
"被偷走的一代"是澳大利亚同化政策的产物和实现同化澳大利亚土著的重要内容.从其源起、发展和结束可以看出:建立在"白澳思想"上的澳大利亚同化政策失败的必然性,以及顺应自身社会和文化环境发展的必要性.  相似文献   
10.
澳洲土著艺术作为"梦"的象征表现,是一种相对静的艺术。它产生于相对平和的心境,因而具有精于细节的审美特质,这使"点"成为土著艺术中最常用的形式语言。由"点"缀成的艺术作品符合澳洲土著艺人追求精细的"梦"境,是人类艺术中最感性的艺术表现。  相似文献   
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