馬林:快乐教育不是梦

作为全国名校长、齐鲁名校长、山东省百名优秀校长、青岛市拔尖人才,他肩挑青岛市唯一一所局属实验初级中学,带领他的团队,坚守"人本立校,快乐育才"的教育理念,追逐着"快乐教育"的美好梦想。他,就是青岛实验初级中学的校长马林。     

让时间闪耀

正"时间去哪儿了"似乎是一个哲学问题,而现在已经引起了许多人思考。早在文艺复兴时期英国著名诗人斯宾塞就说过:"任何生命都逃不脱时间的定制:在时间中衰亡,从生到死。""从生到死"我们无法逃脱,也无法改变,但是,我们可以在"生"的时候大做文章:抓住时间,用好时间,让生活更加充实,让生涯更加美好,让生命更加辉煌。然而,时间有时又像幽灵,在你不经意之间会偷偷溜     

鲍德温•斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.     

埃德蒙·斯宾塞《爱情小诗》永恒主题的解读

埃德蒙·斯宾塞是文艺复兴时期英国文学史上最伟大的诗人之一,他的很多作品对后世产生了重大影响。理想主义,对美的热爱,优美的音韵,严谨的格律,使他被后人誉为＂诗人的诗人＂。《爱情小诗》是他的一部十四行诗集。这部诗集在内容上赞颂爱情这一人类永恒的主题,在格律上运用自己独创的＂斯宾塞式＂十四行诗,至今仍是世界上最优美的爱情诗。     

斯宾塞《爱情小唱》与柏拉图的文艺思想

本文将柏拉图文艺思想与斯宾塞爱情组诗《爱情小唱》相结合，通过研究，笔者发现《爱情小唱》在诗歌主题、形式上有所创新与柏拉图文艺理论的影响是密不可分的。笔者从《爱情小唱》中赞颂心灵主题、追求不朽主题及创作灵感三方面受到柏拉图文艺思想的影响进行阐释。     

赫伯特·斯宾塞的社会历史观--解读中国人眼中的斯宾塞

斯宾塞作为19世纪世界著名的思想家,对后世的影响巨大,但在后人的口碑中却是褒贬不一,争议最大的观点当数其社会历史观.然而在最能够表达其社会历史观的著作中却似乎让我们看到许多对他的误读.他坚持"进化史观",虽然某些主张在逻辑上有失偏颇,但很难定位为"反动哲学".     

斯宾塞教育思想的产生及其科学教育课程观

19世纪,完成工业革命的英国成了世界上经济最为发达的国家。但相比较之下,教育特别是高等教育却仍以宗教神学和古典人文主义课程为主导。实证主义哲学家、教育家斯宾塞呼吁和倡导科学教育,并提出了科学教育的课程观、教学原则、教学方法。     

斯宾塞自然惩罚理论述评

自然惩罚理论是斯宾塞德育的核心内容,这一理论源于卢梭的自然后果法与斯宾塞自身的个人主义哲学。它具有六个特征:非人为性;因果必然性;公正性;教育性;谐和性;有效性。这些特征彰显了自然惩罚的优点。但是,自然惩罚也存在着明显的不足与片面之处。     

浪漫主义诗作尽现“斯宾塞诗体”的艺术魅力

埃得蒙·斯宾塞是生活在乔叟时代和莎士比亚时代之间的英国最杰出的诗人。他继承了乔叟所开创的英国诗歌的优秀传统,加以丰富和发展,把诗歌的火炬传给后来的诗人,因而被称为“诗人的诗人”。他创立了一种新的诗歌形式——斯宾塞诗体。后来的不少诗人从他那里学到了这种美妙的诗歌创作技巧。仅19世纪就有浪漫主义诗人拜伦、雪莱、济慈分别用斯宾塞诗体写出了传世佳作。本文详细分析了诗人和相关的诗篇,以便更好地理解和欣赏这种艺术形式。     

严复:在决定论与自由意志论之间——对史华慈严复研究的一个检讨

史华慈的<寻求富强:严复与西方>以为严复作<天演论>的目的之一是为了反驳赫胥黎,替斯宾塞辩护,是不能成立的.这涉及到严复令史华慈大感困惑的一点:在决定论和唯意志论之间游移.这多少是因为史华慈深谙西方哲学中决定论和唯意志论的对立,而对中国哲学中从荀子到刘禹锡、柳宗元等,在传统的"天人之辩"上,主张"天人相分"的传统缺乏深入的了解,而严复恰恰是继承了这一传统.严复的理路,还可以在儒佛乃至民间心理中寻找到更多的依据,而史华慈所说的"力本论"其实是其一贯之道.