乡村振兴视域下政党组织社会的机制与运行空间——基于S省J镇党建创新实践的考察

基于S省J镇的党建创新实践,以“政党组织社会”为分析框架,探讨了乡村振兴视域下基层党组织与乡村社会的关系问题。一般农业型村庄在乡村振兴过程中面临着组织性缺失与艰巨性发展任务之间的矛盾。基层党组织的首要目标是如何通过加强自身组织能力建设,以凝聚各方面资源、激发振兴动力。J镇通过区域化党建推动公共服务下沉、党支部领办合作社及党员联户等实践形式,不仅有效提高了基层党组织自身的凝聚力和战斗力,而且形成了对乡村振兴强有力的引领能力。当前,应以基层党组织的组织能力建设为着力点推进乡村振兴,加强基层党组织对集体经济的统筹能力和再分配能力,充分调动普通党员走群众路线,以重塑乡村社会的组织性。可尝试通过区域化党建的做法推动区域协调发展。     

Where do intra-organizational advice relations come from? The role of informal status and social capital in social exchange

Social status and social capital frameworks are used to derive competing hypotheses about the emergence and structure of advice relations in organizations. Although both approaches build on a social exchange framework, they differ in their behavioral micro-foundations. From a status perspective, advice giving is a means to generate prestige, whereas asking advice decreases one's relative standing. At a structural level these motivations are expected to result in an overrepresentation of non-reciprocal dyads and non-cyclical triadic structures in the advice network, as well as in active advice seekers being unlikely to be approached for advice, especially by active advice givers. From a social capital perspective, advice seeking creates obligations for the advice seeker. At the structural level, this results in an overrepresentation of reciprocal dyads and cyclical triads, and active advice seekers to be unpopular as targets of advice seeking, especially for active advice givers. Analyses of four waves of a longitudinal sociometric study of 57 employees of a Dutch Housing Corporation provide partial support for both approaches. In line with the social capital perspective, we find reciprocal advice relations to be overrepresented at the dyad level. Results at the triad level support the social status arguments, according to which high status individuals will avoid asking advice from low status individuals. The implications for macro-structural properties of intra-organizational advice network are discussed.     

近代天津的瘟疫流行与慈善机构的医疗救济

近代天津是一个瘟疫多发的城市,尤其是在水旱灾害频发的年份。瘟疫流行期间,天津市各慈善团体均致力于疫病的防治、控制和治疗。他们的善举有效地控制了疫情,拯救了许多人的生命,尤其是士绅倡导的"防疫"理念为近代公共卫生体制的确立提供了市民基础。     

社会服务项目化运作对基层社区社会工作发展的意义探究——以上海市Z区为例

"社区公益创投大赛"和"社区公益项目招投标"是上海市民政局推出的两项社会服务项目化运作的典型工程,文章以上海市Z区为例,探讨了社会服务项目化运作对基层社区社会工作发展的意义。包括居民需求的真正满足、社会组织的破土新生、社会工作的专业推广和民政工作的专业化发展。     

Social Enterprise Among University-Based Centers in US Schools of Social Work

Globally, social enterprise is used increasingly by nonprofit organizations to create new funding streams in the face of dwindling public funds. In light of evidence that institutions of higher education are making similar adaptations, this study explores the extent to which academic centers in US schools of social work are using social enterprise strategies to fund mission efforts. Interviews with the directors of 16 social work research centers in 14 states reveal incentives and barriers that exist at multiple levels and considerably impact the potential viability of social enterprise in the social work academic setting. Implications for institutions of higher education and social work scholars are discussed.     

Majority size and conformity behavior in charitable giving: Field evidence from a donation-based crowdfunding platform in Japan

A charitable donor typically imitates the majority contribution of other donors. This study examines the relationships between majority size and this so-called donor’s conformity behavior, by empirically investigating the impacts of multiple earlier donations on the donation of a subsequent donor to JapanGiving, a donation-based crowdfunding platform in Japan. This analysis is possible because the platform’s webpage displays the previous donation amounts in chronological order, thus allowing us to examine the modal amount of more recent donations. By using data on 9989 actual donations, our dynamic panel analysis suggests that when the number of most recent continuous modal donations increases, the likelihood that a subsequent donor matches the modal amount increases. This result supports the notion that a donor’s conformity behavior is more likely to occur when a greater proportion of other donors give a similar amount. Furthermore, the effects of continuous modal donations are strongly observed for low monetary ranges. We interpret that initiating further cooperation among a large number of less cooperative other donors would become harder, or individuals would obtain an excuse for less cooperation due to the others’ behaviors. Finally, we discuss how our findings connect economic studies of charity and social psychology studies of conformity and could help improve the effectiveness of fundraising by charities.     

伊盟、伊合与中国中东人文外交

伊斯兰世界联盟与伊斯兰合作组织是泛伊斯兰主义制度化的产物,伊盟主要通过朝觐平台间接对伊斯兰国家政治施与影响,伊合则通过推进议题的方式直接对伊斯兰国家政治产生影响；我国历来重视发展与这些泛伊斯兰国际组织的友好关系,并取得了宝贵历史经验与良好的成效；在明确我国与泛伊斯兰国际组织开展人文交流与合作的资源优势、基本目标及其实现途径的基础上,探索我国对中东国家开展“全方位、多层次、宽领域”人文外交的应对之策,旨在进一步提升我国对中东伊斯兰国家的人文外交能力.     

我国农村经济组织反垄断豁免解析

我国反垄断法第56条明确规定农村经济组织反垄断豁免，这是我国反垄断法发展的一大进步。为增强农村经济组织豁免的可操作性，以第56务条文为基础，经对豁免主体、适用豁免领域与范围、适用豁免行为类别的分析可以认为：我国从事农产品生产并以此为主要经营活动的农村经济组织所实施的垄断协议或经营者集中行为可以获得反垄断豁免。     

论和谐社会中的慈善文化建设

受中国传统思想的影响,加上政府在法律和政策方面的不完善,以及慈善机构本身的问题造成了我国慈善文化一定的缺失。在建设社会主义和谐社会进程中,我们必须加强政府在慈善文化建设中的倡导和规范作用以及慈善机构自身建设,提高企业的社会责任感,培育公民的慈善意识,共同营造我国慈善文化建设氛围。     

论我国社会组织供给社会服务的实现方式

我国“国家－企业”社会发展体制在现实中滞后于社会发展水平,给社会的良性运行和协调发展带来了不稳定因素。将社会组织引入到社会服务供给中,有助于实现我国社会发展体制的成功转型。以社会组织获得外部资源的形式为标准,社会组织供给社会服务的实现方式可以分为政府生产型、政府购买型、用者付费型、志愿提供型,其交叉情形暂不考虑,每种实现方式均有显著特征和现实困境。通过对各种实现方式的综合比较,可以发现政府购买型无疑是现阶段我国社会组织供给社会服务实现方式的最优选择,因为它更符合当前我国国情与国际化发展趋势,具有更强的可操作性和借鉴性,改革成功的概率更高。