合作与破裂:山东地方官与大刀会关系研究

山东地方官对大刀会、拳会的宽容的政策与态度由来已久，早在甲午中日战争期间，官军就与大刀会形成默契，在共同缉捕盗匪方面取得显著成效，直至义和团在中外联合势力的绞杀下失败，在此期间，大刀会、拳会等名目的民间团体组织与官府的关系就处在一种半合作半破裂的游离状态，即这种宽容政策具有一定的延续性。就义和团运动而言，大刀会等民间会社势力仅仅是为义和团运动构筑的可能性力量而已，程度很高，却极不稳定，它们有待于官方的开掘、引导与锤炼及外力催逼，即官方对刀会、拳会的宽容态度与政策，以及西方列强、教会势力的威逼现实这两种因素，而前者更为重要。     

顾成、罗汝芳“文”“武”二墓探源

明镇远侯顾成以武官身份镇守贵州而建立功勋，其墓葬后世称“武墓”;罗汝芳是阳明后学的代表性人物，其墓葬后世则称“文墓”。传二墓均立于安顺九溪村河畔。已有研究表明，“武墓”确为顾成长子顾统与其妻俞氏合圹，《顾夫人俞氏圹志》厘清了该墓茔之讹传数百年的谬误;“文墓”虽疑窦重重，为考古研究带来了许多疑云，却增加了对罗汝芳晚年生活际遇、思想由激进转为隐逸突变的深思，且从罗汝芳的“韦氏之识”“伤子之痛”和“隐居之谜”事件分析，其隐逸并葬于安顺九溪之说极为可能。     

《泰王国民商法典》制定的历史背景

《泰王国民商法典》是在近代泰国法制改革的大背景下产生的，有着复杂的社会历史背景。曼谷王朝拉玛四世以前，泰国历经素可泰王朝、大城王朝和曼谷王朝的一部分，朝代更迭，历时漫长但在法制上却保持了相对稳定。1851年，曼谷王朝四世王拉玛四世（1851-1868）登基，拉开了泰国近代史的序幕。1852年1月，英国在第二次英缅战争之后，占领了缅甸，并觊觎泰国。1855年，英国派其驻香港的总督鲍林率使团到泰国与拉玛四世谈判，威逼泰国于1855年4月18日签订了《英暹条约》（史称《鲍林条约》）。这一个不平等条约彻底打开了泰国闭关自守的大门，欧洲列强以该条约为蓝本，威逼泰国签订了类似条约。泰国自此成为一个半殖民地国家，其法制也逐步西化，泰国的法制也这一时期完成了从古代法制向现代法制的转型。事实上，泰国法制现代化的过程，就是一个从理论到制度逐步西化的过程。《泰王国民商法典》就是在这样一个大的背景下产生的。     

A Decision Framework for Managing Risk to Airports from Terrorist Attack

This article presents an asset‐level security risk management framework to assist stakeholders of critical assets with allocating limited budgets for enhancing their safety and security against terrorist attack. The proposed framework models the security system of an asset, considers various threat scenarios, and models the sequential decision framework of attackers during the attack. Its novel contributions are the introduction of the notion of partial neutralization of attackers by defenders, estimation of total loss from successful, partially successful, and unsuccessful actions of attackers at various stages of an attack, and inclusion of the effects of these losses on the choices made by terrorists at various stages of the attack. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated in an example dealing with security risk management of a U.S. commercial airport, in which a set of plausible threat scenarios and risk mitigation options are considered. It is found that a combination of providing blast‐resistant cargo containers and a video surveillance system on the airport perimeter fence is the best option based on minimum expected life‐cycle cost considering a 10‐year service period.     

新加坡公民道德建设及其反思

新加坡自1965年成为独立自主的国家起,在人民行动党的领导下全面引入了发展主义的国家建设思想,公民道德成为培养高素质国民的重要手段而得到肯定。新加坡公民道德建设经历了从公德到社会道德、共识道德的不同发展阶段,核心内容是养成"新加坡人意识",其间存在的主要问题是政府主导、公民参与不足。新加坡公民道德建设的启示在于:要经过充分的社会建设,才能过渡到现代政治改革;积极扶持社会组织才能保证公民道德的持续发展。     

奥罗奇人(下)

概括介绍了俄罗斯联邦境内的北方少数民族奥罗奇人的族称、族源、社会经济状况及其演变 ,和奥罗奇人的三界观、灵魂观、鬼神观、图腾崇拜、熊祭和萨满教信仰等     

论我国社会组织供给社会服务的实现方式

我国“国家－企业”社会发展体制在现实中滞后于社会发展水平,给社会的良性运行和协调发展带来了不稳定因素。将社会组织引入到社会服务供给中,有助于实现我国社会发展体制的成功转型。以社会组织获得外部资源的形式为标准,社会组织供给社会服务的实现方式可以分为政府生产型、政府购买型、用者付费型、志愿提供型,其交叉情形暂不考虑,每种实现方式均有显著特征和现实困境。通过对各种实现方式的综合比较,可以发现政府购买型无疑是现阶段我国社会组织供给社会服务实现方式的最优选择,因为它更符合当前我国国情与国际化发展趋势,具有更强的可操作性和借鉴性,改革成功的概率更高。     

Fraternally yours: the union architecture of Oskar Stonorov and Walter Reuther

For architect Oskar G. Stonorov (1905–70) and labour leader Walter P. Reuther (1907–70) unions were not simply instruments for collective bargaining. They were also agents for transforming established social practices that denied the working class access to decent housing, parks and art; discriminated against African Americans; and destroyed the natural environment. Architecture and site planning were key to this transformation as they addressed concerns of social justice and environmental quality. Stonorov and Reuther shared an aesthetic agenda as well – to expose workers to the emancipating beauty of modern design – as they believed well-designed housing contributed to both their personal lives and productivity at work. From 1941 until their deaths in 1970 they devised plans for workers' housing and town planning, sculpture, urban renewal and environmentally sensitive site planning. They sought to involve workers in the design process, mark union territory on former elite-owned properties, give control of housing production to organized labour and advance workers' educational opportunities. This article examines their architectural endeavours as part of a labour narrative and as an index of the turbulent social and political changes taking place from the inter-war years to 1970.     

关于光复会创建的几个问题--兼与项义华先生商榷

东京的“励志会”“亡国纪念会”“青年会”“军国民教育会”，杭州的“兴浙会”“浙会”“浙学会”和上海的“中国教育会”“爱国学社”等进步团体均是光复会的来源。陶成章与龚宝铨受东京浙学会和军国民教育会的派遣，前往上海创建了光复会。光复会初建时，考虑到应由一个德高望重的人出任会长，于是有着清朝翰林头衔又倡导反清革命的蔡元培被推为首任光复会会长。光复会创建伊始，即将反清作为革命目标。     

Fostering social capital in an international multi-stakeholder issue network

Scholars have theorized that public relations contributes to societies and communities by bringing attention to pressing public issues and fostering social capital in civil society networks. However, the extant research has studied civil society networks of NGOs, donors, and the media in transitional countries. This study extends the public relations model of civil society in two ways. First, it broadens the scope to an international context. Second, it draws from the multi-stakeholder issue network perspective to conceptualize a civil society network as a space where stakeholders of an issue mix their interests as they collectively address a pressing public issue. The literature on international and multi-stakeholder networks suggest that the international scope and the mixing of interests across sectors may restrict the production of social capital. The results from the social network analysis suggests that the mixing of interests across sectoral and geopolitical boundaries did not restrict the production of social capital. Rather, the patterns of the relationships among those on the core and those on the periphery of the network restricted the production of social capital. Such finding demonstrates how public relations’ functions like relationship building can have profound influences on social capital and civil society networks. The implications for public relations theorizing and research are discussed.