Silphids in urban forests: Diversity and function

Many ecologists have examined the process of how urbanization reduces biological diversity but rarely have its ecological consequences been assessed. We studied forest-dwelling burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)—a guild of insects that requires carrion to complete their life cycles—along an urban-rural gradient of land use in Maryland. Our objective was to determine how forest fragmentation associated with urbanization affects (1) beetle community diversity and structure and (2) the ecological function provided by these insects, that is, decomposition of vertebrate carcasses. Forest fragmentation strongly reduced burying beetle diversity and abundance, and did so far more pervasively than urbanization of the surrounding landscape. The likelihood that beetles interred experimental baits was a direct, positive function of burying beetle diversity. We conclude that loss of burying beetle diversity resulting from forest fragmentation could have important ecological consequences in urban forests.     

Improved Monte Carlo inference for models with additive error

Some statistical models defined in terms of a generating stochastic mechanism have intractable distribution theory, which renders parameter estimation difficult. However, a Monte Carlo estimate of the log-likelihood surface for such a model can be obtained via computation of nonparametric density estimates from simulated realizations of the model. Unfortunately, the bias inherent in density estimation can cause bias in the resulting log-likelihood estimate that alters the location of its maximizer. In this paper a methodology for radically reducing this bias is developed for models with an additive error component. An illustrative example involving a stochastic model of molecular fragmentation and measurement is given.     

关于“草原文化与草原丝绸之路研究”专题的几点思考

“草原文化与草原丝绸之路研究”专题,重点以“草原文化研究”“草原丝绸之路研究”“蒙古与北方民族医药历史文化研究”为主要内容,旨在开展综合研究与理论研究的基础上,既有宏观基础理论研究,也有微观个案研究,有所侧重、有的放矢。     

马与草原文明的形成和发展

马是游牧文明的标志性核心载体之一。马的驯化,特别是马的承骑不仅造就了游牧文明,推动草原文化走向新的发展阶段,也对整个人类社会的政治、经济、军事、交通、商贸和文化交流产生过深远的影响。游牧形态的形成与发展空前加强和提升了草原文化的内聚力、外张力,出现很多彼此联系紧密、特征相近的游牧民族、游牧帝国,将亚欧草原变成游牧文明天下,对世界的民族、文化格局带来深刻变化。     

慕课与高校人文素质课的契合问题探讨——以“互联网+教育”为背景

基于诸多因素,我国大多数高校人文素质课存在教学资源不足、教学质量不高等问题。目前,部分高校已将慕课引入人文教育中,但以慕课的形式开展人文素质教育又带来了新的问题。本文在“互联网+教育”的背景下,探讨高校慕课与人文素质课的契合问题。     

农村社会结构碎样化问题分析

改革开放使农村社会结构日益呈现碎样化,农村社会结构的解体影响着新农村建设的成就。必须在建设新农村的过程中分析农村社会结构碎样化的成因及表现形式,分析其对社会的影响,找出一条解决农村社会问题的途径,重新整合农村社会,建设新农村。     

空间流变与文化持守:一个移民羌村信仰习俗空间化表征的案例研究

表征的空间是列斐伏尔空间生产理论的重要议题,但在民族村寨领域还未引起足够重视。民族村寨空间生产是关于空间－人－文化三者共存秩序的复杂建构过程,其中村民弱小、碎片的空间实践机制研究有待加强。本文以一 个移民羌村为案例,在田野调查基础上,从空间生产的微观视角出发,对羌村的居住信仰、释比信仰、习俗信仪、羌年祭典四个方面信仰习俗的空间化表征展开研究。研究发现,在空间－人－文化三元互动中,羌民弱小、碎片化的空间实践使特定信仰习俗得以自洽地存续,新村表征的空间背后既是羌民“化他乡为故乡”的主体性呈现,更是羌民对本民族文化的坚定持守。     

Governing Deviance in Public Space through Mayoral Orders: Fields Mismatch and Metropolitan Turbulence

This article addresses the issue of policy change and its consequences on the organizational field and institutional context, looking at the role of an instrument transfer process. We adopt a political sociology approach to policy instruments to account for the impact that the introduction of a securitarian instrument, the mayoral order, had on the implementation process of a social policy. Through a genealogy of the instrument we identify a constitutive, normative and cognitive dimension. Our aim is to explain the interaction between these institutional dimensions, the re‐definition of the organizational field of the policy, and the dynamics of metropolitan politics. Following a synthesis of the policy process and the institutional arrangements where the policy is implemented, we show how the instrument transfer triggered a division within the organizational field, and the rise of institutional tensions amongst local authorities. In the conclusion, we identify the institutional dimensions of the instruments and the policy implementation scale as elements that are to interact with public‐private relationships and institutional arrangements, and that have an impact on implementation process and policy outcome.     

大草原文化——华夏文化的重要源头之一

草原文化是华夏文化的重要源头之一,在推动中华民族的历史向前发展中发挥了不可估量的作用.草原文化从历史、地域、影响、底蕴等诸多方面都体现了一个"大"字,要弘扬草原文化必须认识到一种文化的表现形式和内涵体现是多种多样的,只有这样才能做好这篇"大"文章.     

陕西甘泉出土晚商青铜兵器及相关问题

《考古与文物》2007年第3期,刊载了陕西甘泉县下寺湾镇阎家沟村2005年6月出土的一批晚商青铜器。由于文物是在机械施工中发现的,残损非常严重,出土地点的原始状态也完全被毁坏,经过整理,此次共出土文物70件,其中青铜器57件,包括礼器、兵器、杂器等。本文试就此次所出青铜兵器及相关问题作以探讨。