Public school accountability,workplace culture,and teacher morale

Educational scholars claim that teacher morale has suffered from accountability pressures and constrained professionalism, but exactly what is most diminished by these pressures remains unclear. Drawing on recent theoretical work on public school organizational culture, we hypothesize that accountability pressures hurt teacher morale and increase the risk of turnover by undermining the professional culture of the school and by diminishing teacher cooperation and trust. We find support for this hypothesis in a national sample of teachers in 2011–12, and a follow-up survey from 2012–13. The analyses test whether a collective pedagogical teacher culture, comprised of professional culture and teacher collaboration, buffers the impact of these pressures that diminish teacher morale. Counter to past research, we find that a strong collective pedagogical teacher culture does not buffer teachers from the ill effects of negative workplace conditions in the form of accountability pressures. We also find that accountability pressures in the form of district dismissals are associated with a higher likelihood of teachers leaving their school, and this relationship is not mitigated by strong professional culture. We conclude that accountability pressures partly undermine goals of improving performance and equity in public schools by sowing seeds of teacher dissatisfaction and contributing to teacher turnover, thus thwarting student achievement in struggling schools.     

高薪养廉的必要性和约束条件分析

文章首先从政府和公务员之间的委托代理关系、人力资本的消耗和补偿、历史经验三个方面论述了高薪养廉的必要性 ;其次 ,分析了高薪养廉的约束条件 ;最后得出结论 ,高薪只是养廉的必要条件 ,但并非充分条件。它的真正实行 ,不但需要生产力发展的经济基础 ,而且还需要收入分配制度的改革、法律监督机制的健全、官僚机构的自身完善     

韩非子思想矛盾性浅析

韩非子是法家的集大成者 ,但其思想是矛盾的 ,这种矛盾同他的王室地位和先秦时期的夸饰风气有着密切的关系。这种矛盾并不影响其人格的评价。韩非子是个爱国者 ,其人格是伟大的。     

南宋理学极盛的过程与原因试析

宋代理学到南宋孝宗、宁宗时期达到极盛 ,但无论从理学道统承传方面还是从社会政治条件方面看 ,孝宗之前的高宗朝实为理学发展的关键时期。理学由北宋时的民间之学发展到南宋时占主导地位的学派 ,活跃于高宗朝的程门弟子对二程学说的极力推展是一重要因素。同时 ,面对激烈的民族矛盾 ,高宗集团选择了主和派的妥协主张 ,并有意识地寻找与这一政策相适应的学术思想作为其理论根据 ,程系理学正是在这一现实政治需要中得到高宗集团的接纳、支持而逐渐繁荣兴盛起来。到孝宗朝 ,朱熹使理学形成庞大的思想体系 ,标志着中国古典哲学进入了一个新阶段。     

历史的必然与偶然——李贽与公安派渊源探析

李贽对公安派的影响是直接的,在其理论建树上有启发作用。李贽和公安派的出现是历史的必然,又有某些偶然性因素。     

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for high dimensional inversion in remote sensing

Summary.  We discuss the inversion of the gas profiles (ozone, NO₃, NO₂, aerosols and neutral density) in the upper atmosphere from the spectral occultation measurements. The data are produced by the 'Global ozone monitoring of occultation of stars' instrument on board the Envisat satellite that was launched in March 2002. The instrument measures the attenuation of light spectra at various horizontal paths from about 100 km down to 10–20 km. The new feature is that these data allow the inversion of the gas concentration height profiles. A short introduction is given to the present operational data management procedure with examples of the first real data inversion. Several solution options for a more comprehensive statistical inversion are presented. A direct inversion leads to a non-linear model with hundreds of parameters to be estimated. The problem is solved with an adaptive single-step Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Another approach is to divide the problem into several non-linear smaller dimensional problems, to run parallel adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo chains for them and to solve the gas profiles in repetitive linear steps. The effect of grid size is discussed, and we present how the prior regularization takes the grid size into account in a way that effectively leads to a grid-independent inversion.     

论严复与安徽近代高等教育

严复是我国近代著名的教育家,终身致力于教育救国事业。1906年,他应安徽巡抚诚勋和学界名流姚永概的极力邀请,出任安徽高等学堂监督,并协助创建省师范学堂,对安徽的高等教育进行了大刀阔斧的改革,为安徽近代教育的发展做出了一定的贡献。     

大学生主体性德育教学初探

本文拟在探讨如何把以人为本的方针科学地贯彻落实到高校德育教学中,探索在新的历史条件下高校推行大学生主体性德育教学方法的可行性,为进一步揭示高校德育教学的发展规律,提高高校德育教学的科学性、针对性、实效性提供可资借鉴方法。     

被遮蔽的"文革"叙事--从《玫瑰门》评论小史谈起

<玫瑰门>是铁凝20世纪80年代后期一部以"文革"为背景的重要作品,但从<玫瑰门>的评论小史可以看到,80年代后半期以来,评论界对"文革"主题的忽略与遮蔽是普遍的.其中对抽象人性的偏爱,导致评论界对铁凝等一些小说家揭开"文革"政治对人性阴暗面的催生和放大,与人性固有之丑陋的合谋真相这一努力,大多视而不见.这一情形与80年代中期开始形成的当代文学观密不可分,也与"瞻前"而非"顾后"的社会文化心理有着内在的联系.     

学衡派五四观的哲学审视--兼论学衡派现代性诉求的独特禀性

因受五四新思潮激进反传统的刺激,吴宓等留美生于1922年春出版<学衡>杂志,发表了大量的反思、批判五四新文化运动的言论,充分展示了对现代性追求的独特禀性,形成中国现代文化保守主义重镇学衡派.学衡派既反对激进反传统的情绪化态度,又不赞成以西方晚近某家某派标举西方文化的文化观,而是主张新旧相对论,认为古今中西文化当明其源流,融会贯通,以建设真正的新文化.学衡派现代性源自传统的观点与新文化运动现代化即西化的立场构成对立互补的关系,代表着另一种文化启蒙,当给予正确的评价.