Secondary school dropout and work outcomes in ten developing countries

This paper analyzes the impact of secondary school dropout on the work outcomes of young people in ten developing countries. Understanding such a phenomenon is important because it may affect work prospects, exacerbate income inequality and determine macroeconomic lasting effects given that the formation of a skilled workforce is a key element of economic development and growth.When accounting for endogeneity, we find that secondary school dropout decreases the probability of being employed in non-elementary occupations, suggesting that unskilled workers fail to meet the increasing demand for a skilled workforce. Secondary school dropout, indeed, hinders the accumulation of adequate levels of human capital and anticipates entry into the unskilled labor market.Thus, policy-makers should aim at the extension and efficacy of compulsory education to the secondary level to avoid future under-education problems to promote a skilled workforce and encourage economic development and growth in the long run.     

Designing for “touch”, “reach” and “movement” in postwar (1946–1972) English primary and infant school environments

ABSTRACT

This article examines the use and interpretation of the terms “touch”, “reach” and “movement” in Ministry of Education (later, Department of Education) official publications known as Building Bulletins between the years 1949–1972. A close critical reading of Building Bulletins concerned primarily with school design for young children (infant and primary schools) in the English context has been carried out and the results of this exercise are discussed in the wider context of close relationships established between architects designing schools and leading progressive educationalists in Britain. The wider international context, particularly progressive educational design in the USA, is used to further understand the use and interpretation of these terms. The article contributes to a current interest among historians of education in exploring material and sensory histories of schooling.     

Public school accountability,workplace culture,and teacher morale

Educational scholars claim that teacher morale has suffered from accountability pressures and constrained professionalism, but exactly what is most diminished by these pressures remains unclear. Drawing on recent theoretical work on public school organizational culture, we hypothesize that accountability pressures hurt teacher morale and increase the risk of turnover by undermining the professional culture of the school and by diminishing teacher cooperation and trust. We find support for this hypothesis in a national sample of teachers in 2011–12, and a follow-up survey from 2012–13. The analyses test whether a collective pedagogical teacher culture, comprised of professional culture and teacher collaboration, buffers the impact of these pressures that diminish teacher morale. Counter to past research, we find that a strong collective pedagogical teacher culture does not buffer teachers from the ill effects of negative workplace conditions in the form of accountability pressures. We also find that accountability pressures in the form of district dismissals are associated with a higher likelihood of teachers leaving their school, and this relationship is not mitigated by strong professional culture. We conclude that accountability pressures partly undermine goals of improving performance and equity in public schools by sowing seeds of teacher dissatisfaction and contributing to teacher turnover, thus thwarting student achievement in struggling schools.     

Estimating school effectiveness with student growth percentile and gain score models

Measuring school effectiveness using student test scores is controversial and some methods used for this can be inaccurate in some situations. The validity of two statistical models – the Student Growth Percentile (SGP) model and a multilevel gain score model – are evaluated. The SGP model conditions on previous test scores thereby unblocking a backdoor path between true school/teacher effectiveness and student test scores. When the product of the coefficients that make up this unblocked backdoor path is positive, the SGP estimates can be inaccurate. The accuracy of the multilevel gain score model was not associated with the product of this backdoor path. The gain score model appears promising in these situations where the SGP and other covariate adjusted models perform poorly.     

艺术学的现代性建构：从柏林学派到维也纳学派

19世纪至20世纪初期是西方现代艺术学学科的重要建设时期。在此期间,诞生了以柏林学派、莱比锡学派与维也纳学派为代表的德语国家学术群体,以及一系列具有批评性、原创性与建构性的思想观念,从而在反思传统研究范式的基础上,逐步建设起具有现代意义的艺术学学科,形成了以艺术科学理念为核心,以历史研究与理论研究为论域,以形式主义分析与图像学研究为基础方法论的新研究范式。这一历史进程不仅是西方学术史与思想史的重要篇章,而且它所建构起的艺术学研究的现代学术体系及其学理依据与知识谱系也成为当代中国艺术学学科建设的重要参照。     

《论语学案》与《论语后案》比较探析

刘宗周《论语学案》与黄式三《论语后案》同为浙东学派研究《论语》之经典。在注解原则上,《论语学案》志在教化,《论语后案》还原经典。在义理阐释上,《论语学案》求心之要;《论语后案》则对心颇为警惕,并将求心之要转化为寻礼之本。在解经方法上,《论语学案》直抒己见,《论语后案》重视考据。     

学派勃兴与学科崛起——李比希学派对吉森大学化学学科兴起的历史贡献及现实省思

19世纪20年代到50年代,德国吉森大学的化学学科实现了从寂寂无闻到跻身世界一流的历史转变,不但使吉森大学成为当时学界公认的“化学圣地”,同时还直接推动德国取代法国成为新的国际化学学术中心。在这一进程中,由著名化学家李比希依托吉森大学化学实验室创立的李比希学派发挥了至关重要的作用。作为近代史上第一个依托大学形成的科学学派,李比希学派在近代大学史上开辟了全新的基于实验室的化学教学科研模式,奠定了吉森大学在近代化学领域特别是有机化学和应用化学领域的领军地位,并且以高水平和多渠道的学术交流极大提升了吉森大学化学学科的学术地位和国际影响。以李比希学派为参照,中国大学在建设世界一流学科进程中,应着力培育学术核心人物并充分发挥其引领作用,积极探索符合学科个性需求的特色化学术生长点,同时努力打造一支具有高度内聚性的学术团队。     

基于区域联动的校地人才引培及其耦合机制

区域联动发展战略对地方高层次人才的培养理念、引进战略、服务体系和协同机制等多个方面提出了新要求。目前高校与地方政府在引进培养高层次人才方面虽然取得了明显的成效,但由于校地缺乏耦合,人才的集聚效应并不明显。因此策应区域联动发展战略的校地双方要围绕区域发展过程中的功能或者角色,通过转变人才理念、构建政策联动机制、构筑发展共赢平台和完善人才共享机制等措施,形成校地耦合机制,从而消弭在人才引进培养中可能存在的分歧,最大限度提升校地人才引进培养的效果。     

18世纪中韩文人学士之间的友好交流

18世纪的中韩文化交流主要是通过往来于两国的使节活动进行的。尤其是从18世纪后半期,朝鲜朝“北学派”的文人、学者,以使节团随员或检书官的身份来到中国,直接同中国文人学士接触,并通过笔谈在思想文化、文学艺术、科学技术等领域进行坦诚的交流,为两国文化交流的发展做出了重大贡献,对两国社会的发展产生了不可忽视的重要影响。回顾18世纪中韩两国文人学士之间友好交流的历史,对21世纪中韩文化交流的发展,将具有重要的借鉴意义。     

虎嵩山与马鸿逵的三次合作办学

虎嵩山 (1 879- 1 956)是中国著名的伊斯兰教经学家 ,著名阿洪。在 2 0世纪 30— 40年代期间 ,他曾经在穆斯林聚居的宁夏省 ,与当时行政长官马鸿逵 (1 892 - 1 970 ,回族 )曾经 3次合作 ,筹办建立了“宁夏私立中阿学校”、“吴忠中阿师范学校”等中阿兼授的伊斯兰文化学校。这些学校的创办 ,为宁夏的回族教育、文化及出版业的发展 ,造就了一大批中阿兼通的回族人才 ,在宁夏和西北地区产生了深远的影响