Applying a Critical and Peace Education Lens to the American Revolution in the Social Studies Classroom

Abstract

The American Revolution is central to the identity of citizens of the United States. It is, therefore, rarely critiqued in the U.S. social studies classroom. This article examines how teachers can discuss the American Revolution using both a critical historical approach and the ideas of peace education, particularly the strand that focuses on the problematization of war. Specific examples are given for how teachers can critique some of the national myths surrounding the American Revolution. Furthermore, the rationale for this critique of the American Revolution is presented, particularly as it relates to the problematic history of minorities in the aftermath of the Revolution and the relationship between students’ views of the American Revolution and the ties to modern-day violence and military engagements. The goal for this more nuanced understanding of the American Revolution is not only to make students more critical thinkers in regard to their history but hopefully to also help them gain a healthier societal outlook in regard to the issues of peace and conflict.     

传统农业乡镇城镇化的实践逻辑--以山东省平阴县孝直镇为例

随着城镇化进程不断加快，城镇功能和城市文明向农村地区的扩散已成为一种必然。对于传统农业地区，城镇化的关键在于立足自身资源禀赋，对城镇化的路径和推进机制做出切合实际的选择。在这方面，山东省平阴县孝直镇借助新型农村社区建设和农业现代化推进新型城镇化的模式为研究分析此类问题提供了一个可资借鉴的案例。     

新中国成立以来中国共产党对十月革命的纪念与政治话语的建构

新中国成立以来,中国共产党因国家和社会现实需要,不同时期对十月革命的纪念与阐释呈现出不同的主题.社会主义革命与建设时期,中国共产党借十月革命表达了在社会主义建设、中苏关系协调、社会主义阵营的团结和世界和平的维护方面的政治诉求.改革开放后,十月革命的纪念又为中国特色社会主义道路的探索建构起双向话语支撑,既明确了中国改革的政治方向,又建构了中国特色的社会主义话语.中国共产党对十月革命的纪念与阐释呈现出反对历史虚无主义、坚持服务现实、彰显主体意识的鲜明特点.中国特色社会主义道路不仅仅是对十月革命道路的坚持和继承,更是在新的时代条件下以中国为本位对这一道路的发展与创新.站在新的历史方位,中国共产党强调应坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路.     

要素匹配与中国投资效率空间差异性——基于双层嵌套型函数的分解研究

本文基于四要素双层嵌套的生产函数，利用1990-2016年全国层面及省际层面数据测算投资效率，并分析其空间结构特征及演变轨迹，检验投资效率匹配效应影响因素。研究发现：①1990-2016年我国整体投资效率呈下降趋势，资本-技能劳动匹配效应与整体投资效率走势趋同，快速累积的资本存量和不断升级的资本质量与短缺的技能劳动之间矛盾突出。②东中西部地区投资效率增长非一致性明显。东部地区资本相对投资效率明显高于中西部，但下降幅度大于中西部，中西部与东部地区之间差距缩小，其中匹配效应是区域间投资效率非平衡的主要成因。③若产业结构升级的技能劳动需求不能满足，将引发要素错配，不利于有效投资。房价与工资提升分别通过影响技能劳动供给和需求抑制要素匹配效率；教育和公路设施会对地区要素匹配产生积极影响，改善地区间投资效率非均衡性；地区投资效率存在显著正向空间相关性，毗邻地区的要素流动和经济发展相近地区的技术溢出均对投资效率产生积极的影响。     

Rethinking industrial citizenship: the role and meaning of work in an age of austerity

T. H. Marshall in his famous tract Citizenship and Social Class wrote briefly about what he called ‘industrial citizenship’, a type of belonging rooted in the workplace. Here Marshall's ideas are developed alongside a consideration of Durkheim's Professional Ethics and Civic Morals together with research material from the Guinness Company. It shows the way the Company actively sought to create ‘Guinness citizenship’ within its London brewery. The article draws out the ways in which the significance and potential of work based citizenship for ameliorating the ills of industrial society are clearly articulated in mid‐twentieth century Britain and echo earlier neglected Durkheimian sociological ideas on work. These ideas have real potential to inform contemporary academic and policy debates about the nature of capitalism and the form and content of work now and in the future.     

论辛亥革命前后西北诸马军阀的角色转换

辛亥革命期间，甘宁青诸马军阀从静观其变到出师勤王，最后临阵倒戈、回兵参与光复运动，就角色而言，完成了从传统社会卫道士而至掘墓人的转换；就性质而论，自身开始并逐步完成了由封建时代拥兵自重的地方实力派向民国时代资产阶级新军阀的过渡。本文旨在探讨辛亥革命对西北诸马军阀集团新旧交替的转换催化作用。     

论农民政治行为发展的考量维度——基于新民主主义革命时期的分析

要对一定历史时期“农民的政治行为究竟发展与否”予以严谨而全面地评判,就必须有一个合理的考量体系。新民主主义革命时期,农民政治行为的发展和进步是显而易见的。其具体表现为政治行为方式的多样、政治行为深度的加深,以及政治行为广度的扩大三个方面。此三个考量维度比较全面而合理地证明了这一时期农民的政治行为为何是发展的或进步的,因而对相关问题的研究不失为一个可供借鉴的考量体系。     

The origins and nature of American nationalism

This article critically analyzes the origins and nature of American nationalism. The first part examines the historiographical debate on the question in what period the formation of an American national identity occurred, i.e. before or after the American Revolution. The second part is concerned with the nature of American nationalism, casting doubt on the claim that American nationalism is exceptional, i.e. inherently different and morally superior to other nationalisms. It refutes the exceptionalist claim by applying recent findings in European nationalism research to the American case and by reinterpreting American nationalism not as an introspective phenomenon but as a demarcation process.     

工业取用水监测奇异数据挖掘与重构方法

提高工业取用水监测数据质量是目前国家水资源监控能力建设的重要内容，而奇异值问题已成为影响监测数据质量的关键短板。本文在解析现阶段工业取用水监测数据奇异值主要类型基础上，以国家水资源管理系统数据库中工业取用水监测数据为样本，利用小波变换模极大值模型提取工业取用水监测数据时频变化特征，并利用傅里叶函数对其残差序列进行修正，进而运用相对误差控制方法挖掘监测数据奇异值。在此基础上，采用混沌粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机模型重构填补奇异值数据。研究结果表明：小波变换模极大值模型能够较好地提取工业取用水监测数据序列的时频变化特征，但是同时容易导致监测数据的信息损失，利用傅里叶函数对小波变换进行残差修正则可进一步提升取用水监测数据序列的特征提取效果；以小波变换模极大值特征序列为基础，通过相对误差控制可实现对监测数据奇异值的高效挖掘；对于挖掘出的奇异值重构填补问题，可选取混沌粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机模型，其重构精度要优于多项式曲线拟合等传统统计学方法和普通最小二乘支持向量机模型。上述工业取用水监测数据奇异值挖掘重构策略为现阶段国家水资源监控能力建设的推进提供了重要技术方法支持。     

Introduction: decolonising the “undecolonisable”? Portugal and the independence of Lusophone Africa

In 2015, Lusophone Africa celebrated 40 years since independence. Portuguese colonies in Africa became independent in the aftermath of two orders of interlinked events. The first was the fierce-armed opposition to the colonial order – through the action of nationalist movements and nationalist thinkers such as Amílcar Cabral – which escalated after 1960 when French and English colonies in Africa were achieving independence. The second was the Carnation Revolution, in 1974, which, despite having taken place in Lisbon, had powerful reverberations across Portuguese Africa. Here, I argue that the Carnation Revolution was a by-product of the emergence of nationalist movements in Africa, when it became apparent that popular uprisings there could not be won by conventional armed struggle. Or, to put it slightly different, anticolonial struggle in Africa opened the way not only for the end of Portuguese rule on the continent, but also for the demise of dictatorship in Portugal itself.