Racial witnessing and the formation of los conscientes – race critical preservice teachers

This article introduces the concept of racial witnessing – i.e. defining moments where an individual experiences a strong event in which they (or someone they care deeply about) were racialized, Othered, and/or treated differently (usually negatively) because of their racial group, racial affiliation, etc. It is these moments of racial witnessing that are pivotal in the development of los conscientes. These were the more critical-minded preservice teachers who demonstrated a greater understanding regarding race and racism and the impacts it has on the educational system and human lives. This article argues that it is not a specific variable and/or experience (such as those gained in field experiences) that creates race consciousness among preservice teachers. It is the accumulation of racial witnessing events that allow for a deeper understanding of how race dictates lives.     

新时代教师安全素质培养体系的构建

在倡导"生命至上、安全第一"的新时代，安全素质已然成为教师专业素质结构中的重要组成部分。但目前我国中小学教师安全素质水平较低，其主要原因在于校内安全教育的低效与共性化、职后安全培训的不足以及自主学习途径的缺乏。针对当前存在的主要问题，教师安全素质培养路径的优化和培养体系的构建可以从三个方面展开：首先，在职前修订师范教育人才培养标准，重建教师专业素质结构，同时调整安全教育的课程设置，协同第二课堂提升教师安全素质；其次，在职后扩大教师安全培训对象，建立"分层进阶"新模式，对安全考试合格者发放教师安全培训合格证书，调整和完善中小学校岗位安全工作指南；第三，在日常工作期间，逐步改善教师自主学习条件，积极开展安全专题类校本课程研究。     

新生代乡村教师的离职意向与政策改进

新生代乡村教师是乡村教育的新生力量和未来的中流砥柱，他们能否安心留在乡村学校从教，关系着乡村教育的可持续发展。为解决乡村教师"留不住"的问题，国务院办公厅于2015年6月发布《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》，从经济待遇、社会地位、专业发展等方面着手，提出了具体措施。但是通过实证研究发现：当前新生代乡村教师的离职意向仍然普遍存在，尤其是其中的男教师和工作在乡村小学的教师；新时代乡村教师的离职意向，受经济待遇、社会地位、专业发展、个人偏好、乡村文化适应性、家庭和学校支持度、教师教育满意度等多方面因素的影响，其中个人偏好和乡村文化适应性是最主要的影响因素。因此，为了更好地留住新生代乡村教师，仍需在"乡村教师支持计划"现有政策支持的基础上，进一步补充和完善相关的政策措施：（1）重视乡村教师招聘和管理过程中对个人偏好的考察与培育；（2）积极帮助新生代乡村教师适应乡村文化；（3）关心新生代乡村教师的家庭问题，提供帮助和支持；（4）重视乡村学校建设，给予新生代乡村教师更多的组织关怀；（5）出台针对乡村教师的教师教育标准。     

二语情感抽象概念加工的具身认知研究

基于具身认知框架下的概念隐喻理论，对中国英语学习者抽象情感词加工的具身认知进行了实证研究。结果发现:（1）二语情感抽象概念存在“积极在上，消极在下”的垂直空间隐喻映射；（2）不同水平组对二语抽象情感词的加工成本存在不对称性；（3）中国英语学习者对不同效价的抽象情感词加工成本趋异。实验结果证明了情感抽象概念能够通过隐喻的方式建立与感知运动信息的联系，情感模拟对二语抽象情感词的加工具有促进作用。     

清人王源《左传评》重“奇”之义蕴抉微

"奇"是清代实学代表人物王源评点《左传》的关键词,在内容、形式评点中皆有体现。借助《左传》具体文本的评点,通过同类相联、正反对举的反复申述,王源将"奇"之内涵赋予"变""活""正"等多重意义,将传统的奇文观念"美文化",以奇诡、辞达、自然为奇文,使"奇"具备了多重文学批评的功能。身处易代,酷爱兵法,好奇人奇事奇文,一生坎壈,皆为王源尚奇批评生成之根源。对明清八股时文取士的不屑,对清初文坛亦步亦趋效法唐宋八大家的不满,使其《左传》奇文评点具备了不同时俗的意义,浸润了明确的针砭时弊与经世致用的色彩。王源《左传》评点之重"奇",在一定程度上彰显出中国古代文论的典型性特征。对此进行考察,可望为揭橥评点的阐释范式、话语体系等提供可行性研究理路。     

Towards congruence between teachers’ intentions and practice in intercultural education

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between teacher beliefs pertaining to cultural diversity and their actual teaching activities. Using a model-based approach, this study looks at beliefs regarding diversity issues at both the theoretical and empirical levels. At the theoretical level, we attempt to systematise the many meanings of ‘beliefs’ found in the literature. At the empirical level, we examine the link between theory, beliefs, and teaching activities relating to diversity, using integrated analysis tools. To accomplish this, we used a qualitative methodological approach to examine the relationship between theory and practice in education. The sample consisted of 45 in-service primary teachers. The first results showed a gap between what teachers tend to say and what they actually do. We argue that future research needs to focus on the effects of teacher beliefs on teacher practice, with special attention devoted to the reflective process.     

Optimization problems for consecutive-2-out-of-n:G system

Abstract

This paper considers the optimization problems for a consecutive-2-out-of-n:G system where n is considered to be fixed or random. When the number of components is constant, the optimal number of components and the optimal replacement time are discussed by minimizing the expected cost rates. Furthermore, we focus on the above discussions again when n is a random variable. We give an approximate value of MTTF and propose the preventive replacement policy, respectively.     

美国《早期学习与教育技术政策简报》对我国学前教育信息化的启示

美国《早期学习与教育技术政策简报》是关于幼年学习者使用技术的政策简报，回应了“α世代”信息化生存问题，解答了“21世纪，儿童获得技术是必要的，但还不够”现实难题。该政策简报中愿景、早期学习者技术使用指导原则和呼吁行动三部分分别从本简报出台的初心、如何指导幼儿恰当使用技术，呼吁社会各界力量协同实现本简报的初心等方面进行阐述。美国《早期学习与教育技术政策简报》对提升我国学前教育信息化水平、提高幼儿园教师信息素养和构建幼儿信息化生态系统，满足我国学前教育利益相关者的“技术促进学习”时代诉求等方面提供有益参考。