劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响研究

借鉴已有相关研究成果,将劳动力转移、农业技术水平与城乡居民收入差距联系起来思考,可以具体地考察劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的影响.文章以农业技术水平作为门槛变量,选取2009—2019年中国31个省份的面板数据,利用泰尔指数测定城乡收入差距,以劳动力转移作为核心解释变量构建面板门槛模型,实证得出劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响.研究发现:劳动力转移可以缩小城乡居民收入差距,且该影响具有单一门槛效应.在农业技术水平较低时,劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距收敛效应较小;当农业技术水平越过门槛值达到较高水平后,劳动力转移对缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果几乎增加了一倍.此后,通过替换解释变量泰尔指数为城乡人均可支配收入比、替换核心解释变量农业技术水平为农业生产效率重新建立面板门槛模型,发现上述结论仍然成立,其检验结果具有较强的稳健性.文章将农业技术进步、劳动力转移、城乡居民收入差距这三个重要变量纳入同一模型框架中,在加深劳动力流动影响城乡居民收入差距这一视角的研究的同时,对缩小城乡居民收入差距政策的制定提供了重要的参考意义.     

中介机构参与下联盟企业知识转移的三方利益博弈分析

知识转移是企业保存知识、提升创新能力的重要途径，中介机构在转移过程中发挥了重要作用。本文以联盟企业间知识转移为研究对象，考虑了企业的不同心理压力，首先建立了联盟企业双方的讨价还价博弈模型；其次构建了考虑中介机构参与知识转移的博弈模型，分析和讨论三方收益变化的影响因素及策略选择。结果表明，在直接知识转移博弈中，转移主体的收益大小与自身的心理压力呈负相关，而与对方的心理压力呈正相关，同等心理压力下知识转出方占优；中介机构参与博弈情形下，中介机构作为协作角色的博弈收益仅受博弈双方心理压力影响，且与知识接收方协作可获得更大收益，而主导角色博弈情形下收益受到三方主体心理压力的综合影响，并在主导知识接收博弈时获得收益更大；中介机构的角色选择与知识转出方心理压力变化相关性不明显，主要受到知识接收方及自身心理压力影响。     

“省直管县”改革能否提升县级财力水平?

将“省直管县”财政体制改革作为拟自然实验，基于全国县级面板数据，利用可有效校正选择偏差问题的 PSM-DID 方法构造“反事实”状态，估计改革对县级财力水平的平均处理效应。结果显示: 改革增加了人均本级财政收入，却减少了人均转移支付水平，且下降幅度较大，致使人均财政总收入减少，表明“省直管县”改革不但无法提升，甚至会在一定程度上恶化县级财政状况。东、中部地区的平均处理效应与全国类似，上述结论具有比较好的稳健性。此外，还进行了影响机制检验，地级市与县、县与县之间的财政竞争以及省对各市、县的协调机制会在一定程度上影响财政体制改革的效果。     

Female labor force participation in the US: How is immigration shaping recent trends?

Women entered the paid workforce in unprecedented numbers during the 20th century. Yet recent years have been witness to a creeping reversal in women's labor force participation. Why did the revolution stall? In response to debates over a “natural” limit to women's employment, or a cultural backlash against the dual-breadwinner household, we consider an alternative explanation, namely whether immigration has slowed the growth in female labor force participation. Using CPS data from 1998 to 2018, we show that the increase in the share of immigrants and children of immigrants in the population has reduced overall female labor force participation. However, immigration accounts for relatively little of the retreat from the labor force. Instead, the compositional effect of population change is overshadowed by behavioral shifts that affect both natives and immigrants. Lower participation rates among native-born women accounts for most of the overall decline. Despite persistent differences, we also find substantial convergence in the labor force behavior of native-born and foreign-born women, which bodes well for the long-term economic incorporation of immigrants and their children.     

Testing the gender similarities hypothesis: differences in subjective task value and motivation to transfer training

ABSTRACT

Are female and male trainees similar or different in their reaction to training programmes, specifically regarding their subjective task value and motivation to transfer? According to the gender similarities hypothesis, women and men are alike on most psychological variables. However, according to research in organizational behaviour, female and male employees differ on certain aspects, such as their job satisfaction and work identity. To test these two views on gender similarities and differences in the context of human resource development and training evaluation, the present study examined the extent to which gender moderated reactions to training. Based on the expectancy-value theory of motivation and self-determination theory, a web-based questionnaire was used to measure six training reactions: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, perceived relative cost, autonomous motivation to transfer, and controlled motivation to transfer. The results indicated that women and men differed in their ratings of attainment value but were similar for the remaining five reaction measures. These outcomes support the gender similarities hypothesis. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for modelling gender effects in HRD research and their practical significance for promoting training effectiveness and transfer of training.     

基于模糊TOPSIS的企业知识转移能力评价

知识转移能力作为企业获取知识、吸收知识和应用知识能力的衡量标准,是企业从事创新活动的前提和基础。以知识转移主体和客体两个要素为依据,构建企业知识转移能力指标体系,运用模糊TOPSIS法对企业知识转移能力进行综合评价,并进行实证分析,为企业制定发展战略和提高自身竞争力提供借鉴。     

概念迁移视阈下基于语料库的非英语专业学习者动名词搭配错误研究

文章拟从概念迁移视角研究大学英语写作中的动-名词搭配错误，研究采用语料库定量与定性相结合的分析方法。语料取材于中国学习者英语语料库（CLEC），包括大学英语低年级学习者（St3）和高年级学习者（St4）两个子语料库。利用检索工具Ant Conc3.58检索中国学习者作文中的动-名词搭配错误，从而对大学生英语写作中的动-名词搭配错误进行描述与分类，进而分析造成大学生英语写作动-名词搭配误用的潜在原因，并对现有大学英语教学做出反思。     

劳动力转移的困境和挑战——基于对凉山彝族外出务工人员困境的思考

目前，在凉山彝区，外出务工是劳动力转移的主要方式，许多家庭通过外出务工脱贫致富。在当地无力承担和消化剩余劳动力的情况下，外出务工的现象将长期存在，正确认识彝区劳动力转移的合理性非常必要。为此笔者对四川凉山的冕宁、盐源等地彝区外出务工人员较多的村寨通过田野调查方式，了解当地劳动力转移的历史和现状，掌握存在的问题并分析其原因，提出解决思路和具体措施。应该建立劳动力转移的社会支持系统，继续不懈地积极推进劳动力转移工作。继续加大各级职业技术教育，增强劳动力转移的市场竞争力。加强法制教育，促进用人机构和彝族群众增强法制意识，依法促进彝族务工者的城市融入。进一步强化乡镇劳务开发工作体系建设,加强跨区域合作,倡导有序输出，规范对劳务经纪人的管理,强化劳务培训质量，提高彝族务工人员素质,保护彝族务工人员的合法益。     

产业协同集聚的资源错配效应研究

利用2003－2016年中国280个地级市的数据，分别测算了产业协同集聚指数、资本错配和劳动力错配指数，采用差分GMM方法考察产业协同集聚对资源错配的影响。结果发现：产业协同集聚的提高，会显著降低资本错配和劳动力错配指数；分地区的回归发现，东部地区产业协同集聚改善了资本错配，对劳动力错配负向作用不显著，中部地区产业协同集聚会改善资本错配，但会恶化劳动力错配，西部地区产业协同集聚则加剧了资本错配，但可以缓解劳动力错配情况。进一步作用机制分析表明，产业协同集聚水平的提高，会显著提高金融业的专业化分工，进而改善资本错配，同时会提高劳动力成本，改善劳动力错配。文章的政策含义是通过产业协同集聚，可以提高金融业的专业化分工和劳动力成本，进而缓解资本和劳动力的错配，提高经济效率，促进经济增长。