体育强国视域下体育治理的问题与出路

体育治理是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容,直接关乎国家治理的时代进程。近年来,国家层面相继提出“体育强国”“健康中国”战略,如何通过有效的体育治理来实现体育强国战略,是推动我国体育事业改革的重要课题。目前我国体育治理目标定位与现实社会环境之间还存在偏差,体育治理组织形态在一定程度上也影响体育政策的执行,同时体育治理利益多元博弈对体育治理方式提出挑战。体育治理必须以满足人民群众的体育文化生活需求为根本导向,从治理理念、治理主体、治理结构、治理方式等层面进行深度改革,助力体育强国的实现。     

Psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain: A systematic review

BackgroundExcessive weight gain during pregnancy can have adverse health outcomes for mother and infant throughout pregnancy. However, few studies have identified the psychosocial factors that contribute to women gaining excessive weight during pregnancy.AimTo review the existing literature that explores the impact of psychosocial risk factors (psychological distress, body image dissatisfaction, social support, self-efficacy and self-esteem) on excessive gestational weight gain.MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed English articles using Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Informit, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. Quantitative studies that investigated psychosocial factors of excessive GWG, published between 2000 and 2014 were included. Studies investigating mothers with a low risk of mental health issues and normally-developing foetuses were eligible for inclusion. From the total of 474 articles located, 12 articles were identified as relevant and were subsequently reviewed in full.FindingsSignificant associations were found between depression, body image dissatisfaction, and social support with excessive gestational weight gain. No significant relationships were reported between anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, or self-esteem and excessive gestational weight gain.ConclusionThe relationship between psychosocial factors and weight gain in pregnancy is complex; however depression, body dissatisfaction and social support appear to have a direct relationship with excessive gestational weight gain. Further research is needed to identify how screening for, and responding to, psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain can be successfully incorporated into current antenatal care.     

Responding to violence with guns: Mass shootings and gun acquisition

Although some sources have observed an increase in the number of gun purchases following mass shootings, empirical research investigating this pattern is limited. Appraisal Theory suggests that mass shootings contribute to fear of victimization through media exposure. Desire for self-protection is the primary reason many individuals own and purchase guns. This paper examines this link by assessing the effects of six mass shootings that took place in the 2000–2010 time period. This study examines effects for gun acquisition nationally and regionally as well as timing-specific patterns in gun acquisition following these events. Gun acquisition counts are approximated from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Results indicate a positive but delayed association between mass shootings and the number of NICS background checks. Implications of this finding for violence and possibilities for future research are discussed.     

党的群众路线与群众工作的理论与实践研究

坚持群众路线，做好群众工作，是巩固党的群众路线教育实践活动成果的必然要求，是巩固党的执政地位和执政基础的必然要求。党的群众路线和群众工作有着深厚的理论基础和丰富的实践经验。随着国内外形势的发展变化，党在坚持群众路线和开展群众工作方面，面临着诸多挑战，要不断进行理念创新、方式创新、服务创新、制度创新和方法创新。     

网络群体事件政府治理的演化博弈分析

利用演化博弈模型预测舆论的发展趋势,对政府应对网络群体事件采取的治理模式进行了研究.在一般化复制动态模型基础上建立网络群体事件舆论的传播方程,将地方政府部门与弱势群体的策略互动和行为演化融入到传染病传播模型中,用以模拟舆论的扩散和收敛过程.结果表明:在网络群体事件初期,如果弱势群体通过抗争获得政府补偿的概率不断增大,将造成事态的扩大.此时,地方政府应控制信息的交流程度与初始抗争人数,减缓舆论的扩散;在网络群体事件舆论大范围扩散阶段,上级政府介入并采取惩罚措施,及时披露信息,促使网络舆论的收敛平息,实现社会福利最大化.     

Alone and adrift: The association between mass school shootings,school size,and student support

Background

School shootings have approached epidemic levels in recent years. While mental illness is undoubtedly involved in nearly all cases of mass school violence, we sought to determine how environmental context may exacerbate preexisting personal factors. The present study investigated the associations between mass school shootings, school enrollment size, student–teacher ratios, and student transitions.

农村校车安全事故背后的教育公平问题

近年来农村校车事故频发,使得校车安全问题浮出了水面。其实,校车不够规范只是校车事故频发的表层原因,而更深层次的原因却在于城乡教育资源配置的不公平。所以要解决校车安全问题,不仅在于规范校车、提高校车的质量,还在于合理配置教育资源,实现城乡教育公平。     

群体性事件之伦理辨思

群体性事件是当前影响中国社会稳定的重要因素。个体利益受损与诱因发生、负面道德评价与人群聚集、良心拒绝与暴力反抗的组合，构成了群体性事件演化的微观过程。以此伦理分析为依据，源头阻断群体性事件并有效消除其负面影响，不仅要强调社会管控，还要强调合法性、责任性、回应以及有效等社会管理核心价值的指导作用。     

宗教群体性事件探析

由于人民内部矛盾凸显和境内外敌对势力的政治渗透、挑唆等原因引发的涉及宗教问题的群体性事件已成为当前影响我国社会稳定和国家安全的一个突出问题,所以文章试用宗教群体性事件典型案例的剖析来证明此类事件的发生对社会造成的重大危害,从而进一步说明宗教群体性事件的研究具有着重要意义。     

农村群体性事件预警指标体系构建研究

研究分析国内外农村群体性事件预警及相关研究的现状,认为农村群体性事件是社会矛盾积累的结果。根据农村群体性事件诱因体系以及预警指标体系构建原则和指导理念,研究构建其初步的预警指标体系。运用专家调查法,通过定量分析和定性分析,完善初步构建的预警指标体系,研究得出农村群体性事件预警指标体系的基本构想。