Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors

The study surveyed 506 employees in the United States to test the effect of internal communication (i.e., corporate-level symmetrical and leadership-level responsive communications) on fostering a positive emotional culture characterized by companionate love, joy, pride, and gratitude. In addition, we tested the interplay between corporate internal communication and a positive emotional culture and its influence on supportive employee behaviors, specifically, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and employee advocacy. Results indicated that symmetrical communication and responsive leadership communication cultivated a positive emotional culture in organizations. Such culture also fostered employee OCB and advocacy. Moreover, corporate symmetrical communication directly and positively influenced employee OCB. Finally, this study found that employee OCB positively affected employee advocacy. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for public relations scholars and practitioners were discussed.     

Business reform outcomes: Why so different?

Post-crisis policy making increasingly focuses on doing business reforms. We argue that the effects of those reforms will be different across countries. To understand the reasons for the reform outcome divergence, we advance a novel firm-size distribution (FSDs) argument. At the center of the argument is the fact that FSDs are different across countries and stable over time. Then, if a given doing business reform induces firms of different size to grow differently, this will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. To advance the argument, we set up a tractable general equilibrium (GE) model and study how firms of different size grow after a doing business reform. The model predicts that larger firms will grow faster than smaller firms after the reform. The model predictions are tested on the Enterprise Surveys (ES) data, merged with the Doing Business indicators. We confirm that firms of different size grow differently after a Doing Business reform. Thus, based on the notable differences of firm size distributions across countries, identical reforms to start, operate and close a business will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries.     

Role of Leaders as Agents of Negotiation for Counterbalancing Cultural Dissonance in the Middle East and North Africa Region

This study provides a unique perspective in the field of cross-cultural management by exploring the relationship between “cultural dissonance”—the gap between cultural values and actual practice—and effective leadership attributes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Incorporating cultural dissonance into implicit leadership theory, the study uses measurements of dissonance on nine cultural dimensions to identify particular leadership preferences in seven MENA countries. The overall findings suggest that societies prefer leaders who counterbalance cultural dissonance by allowing space for negotiations by members of society to reduce disparities between cultural values—“the way things should be”—and actual practices—“the way things are.” The greater the disparity between cultural values and practices, the greater the citizens' desire that leaders act as agents of change by creating space for negotiation.     

嘉庆朝内务府人参变价制度的新变化

乾隆朝内务府确立了人参变价制度,这成为其重要的财源。嘉庆时期,其人参变价在变价途径、变价价格等方面出现了一些新的变化。这些变化的出现是嘉庆皇帝统治政策调整的结果。它有着极为恶劣的影响：不仅使得内务府加剧了对两淮盐政的经济掠夺,而且进一步破坏了东北的生态平衡。这是道光朝人参变价困境的重要因素之一。     

推进地方食品监管大部制改革的组织现状及完善对策——基于贵州省的调查

食品监管大部制改革在地方推进中面临诸多困难与障碍,特别是西部欠发达地区。通过对地方食品监管大部制改革中组织现状的实地调查,从机构及职能部门设置、职责界定及划分、组织协调机制、组织保障能力等层面,对地方食品监管组织进行了纵向与横向比较,分析了目前地方食品监管组织存在的结构不合理、职责划分不清与职能分工不科学、协调机制不完善与协调方式单一、人员及经费保障能力弱等问题,最后从完善地方立法进程,推进监管机构渐进式改革与职能整合,促进监管职责科学界定及职能转变、完善组织协调机制并推动协调方式创新、加强保障能力建设等,探讨了推进地方食品监管大部制改革的组织完善对策。     

关于完善部门服务业统计工作的若干思考

 从国家层面来讲，我国的服务业常规年份统计资料，相当大的比重是由部门统计提供的。本文论述了加强部门服务业统计的必要性和紧迫性，总结了服务业统计工作取得的成绩和面临的主要问题，提出了如何完善部门服务业统计工作的设想和建议。     

试论中央民族大学体育系办学发展方向

通过对中央民族大学体育系学生生源、就业方向、培养目标、课程设置、办学条件的调查和论证 ,阐明了体育系今后的发展方向。建议学校加强体育系师资的建设 ,加强体育系与校内外有关单位的联系 ,加强少数民族传统体育项目的开发和研究。     

暨南大学南洋文化教育事业部的历史成就与贡献

暨南大学南洋文化教育事业部 (192 7～ 194 9)是一个曾经称誉海内外的华侨研究机构 ,该部担负研究华侨、服务华侨、帮助华侨摆脱危机的特殊使命 ,是当时中国境内研究华侨的唯一机构。本文探讨南洋文化教育事业部成立的时代背景 ,对它在研究华侨、服务华侨 ,推动华侨教育事业发展等方面的历史成就与贡献作出回顾与总结     

近代中国铁路管理机构的变迁——以部局关系变动为视角（1886—1937）

在近代中国铁路管理机构变迁过程中,邮传部（交通部、铁道部）与各铁路管理局（监督局）之间关系的变动具有举足轻重的地位。鉴于以往学者对此研究不多,本文将以部、局关系变动为视角,对1886—1937年间中国铁路管理机构的变迁过程进行考察,认为部、局之间垂直隶属关系的确立,不仅为部、局、站（段）三级管理体制的建立奠定了重要基础,而且对近代中国铁路运输业发展产生了重要影响。