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1.
This paper identifies the relationship between pupils’ Family Background, their mathematics scores, and school-level policies, using the 2012 Programme of International Student Assessment for Italy and multilevel modelling. School-level policies have played a leading role in recent school reforms in many countries, but there is no straightforward empirical evidence for how they affect pupils’ outcomes and the equality of educational outcomes. Our findings show that that only some school policies intensify the Family Background Effect – (educational equity) and affect student outcomes (educational efficiency) simultaneously. We find that competitive schools are able to screen students by selecting higher socio-economic status parents, which mainly harms equity without having much effect on efficiency. There are some policies which allow some trade-off between aforementioned objectives, mainly policies related to management schools.  相似文献   
2.
Since the early 1970s the importance of mothers’ socioeconomic characteristics on their children’s educational and occupational attainment has been acknowledged. However, it is not clear if fathers’ characteristics have a stronger influence because men usually have stronger attachments to the labour market, or alternatively mothers’ characteristics are more important because of their greater role in children’s socialization. This study addresses this question by comparing the influence of father’s and mother’s education and occupation on student performance in literacy and numeracy using data from 30 countries. The impact of mother’s education is usually greater or comparable to that of father’s education. In contrast, substantially stronger effects for mother’s occupational status compared to father’s were rare. In most countries the impact of mother’s socioeconomic characteristics (education plus occupation) on student performance is comparable to that for father’s. Of the four indicators of socioeconomic background, father’s occupational status and mother’s educational attainment tend to have stronger effects, although many countries do not conform to this pattern. There are indications that the relative importance of mother’s characteristics have increased over time.
Gary Neil MarksEmail:
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3.
As the divorce rate in South Korea increases, an increasing proportion of children are growing up in single-parent families. Given the limited public support and disadvantages for women in the labor market, it is expected that single parents in Korea, single mothers in particular, are more likely to use family ties to mitigate economic and social difficulties, including the option to live with their parents. We assessed the living arrangements of single parents and their children with respect to co-residence with the grandparents of the children using samples from the 2010 Korean Census and the Program for International Student Assessment conducted in 2009. We found that a fairly small proportion of single mothers live with their parents and that the prevalence of co-residence with parents among both single mothers and single fathers was relatively low in Korea compared with Japan and Taiwan. We also found that single parents with a higher level of education are more likely to live with their parents than those with less education, which contrasts with the pattern found in the United States. We discuss the implications of our findings in contemporary Korea, which has traditionally been regarded as a country with strong family ties.  相似文献   
4.
This paper explores endogeneity problems in multilevel estimation of education production functions. The focus is on level 2 endogeneity which arises from correlations between student characteristics and omitted school variables. Theses correlations are mainly the result of student stratification between schools. From an econometric point of view, the correlations between student and school characteristics imply that the omission of some variables may generate endogeneity bias. Therefore, an estimation approach based on the Mundlak [20 Mundlak, Y. 1978. On the pooling of time series and cross-sectional data. Econometrica, 46: 6986. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]] technique is developed in order to tackle bias and to generate consistent estimates. Note that our analysis can be extended to any multilevel-structured data (students nested within schools, employees within firms, firms within regions, etc). The entire analysis is undertaken in a comparative context between three countries: Germany, Finland and the UK. Each one of them represents a particular system. For instance, Finland is known for its extreme comprehensiveness, Germany for early selection and the UK for its liberalism. These countries are used to illustrate the theory and to prove that the level of bias arising from omitted variables varies according to the characteristics of education systems.  相似文献   
5.
In this paper, a multilevel analysis is applied to the OECD-PISA2006 data with the aim to compare factors affecting students’ achievement across Italy and Spain. The findings show that both countries are affected by strong internal regional heterogeneity, where some regions have achievement scores well above the OECD mean and other are placed among the worst performers in the OECD area. Although regional governments are more autonomous about educational policy-making in Spain, regional indicators exert a higher influence on educational results in Italy where educational system is strictly regulated by the national government.  相似文献   
6.
选取PISA2012数据,采用logit模型和HGLM模型研究影响中国上海和日本大都市学生参加数学课外补习的因素。研究发现:影响两个国家(地区)学生参加数学课外补习的因素主要为学生层面的因素,具体而言,女性的数学课外补习参与率高于男性,独生子女学生数学课外补习参与率高于非独生子女学生;ESCS和家庭教育资源充裕程度对学生参加数学课外补习有正向预测作用;数学成绩对数学课外补习参与的影响不确定。  相似文献   
7.
薛平 《浙江社会科学》2012,(6):95-100,128,159
通过浙江省PISA2009试测结果,对浙江省城乡学生能力进行比较分析,发现城镇类学生在阅读、科学、数学等方面存在明显优势,主要外部原因在于学校环境、师资条件、经费来源、教育方式等方面存在差异.因此,提出相关对策以缩小城乡学生能力差距,促进浙江省教育资源的均衡发展.  相似文献   
8.
针对PISA 2009中国试测研究主观题评分环节所采用的多重编码设计,分析在阅读、数学和科学领域的评分中是否存在评分者效应.根据多侧面Rasch模型方法,分别对这三个领域进行评分者主效应的分析.结果显示:阅读和科学领域中,评分者之间的严苛度/宽松度差异非常显著;而数学领域中,评分者之间的严苛度/宽松度差异较小.最后,探讨了这些结果的可能原因以及对高考网上阅卷评分借鉴的建议.  相似文献   
9.
根据PISA2015中儿童接受学前教育时间对15岁学生学业成就影响的数据及成果进行综述,得出以下结论:早期身心发展处于弱势的儿童在日后需要付出更多努力才能达到优异水平;学前教育持续时间是降低儿童未来学业不良可能性的有效方法,但接受2年与接受3年以上学前教育的学生之间学业成就不存在显著差异;弱势群体儿童至少接受2年学前教育可以增加教育公平;学前教育持续时间是影响儿童未来学业成就的首要因素;加快0-3岁早期教育体系发展,加大对弱势儿童的关注力度,防止因学前教育终止对儿童未来学业成就造成负面影响。  相似文献   
10.
The persistence of social disparities in educational achievement in contemporary societies is a matter of concern to social theory. Sociology of education has distinguished between the primary and secondary effects of socialization in order to construct explanatory theories of inequality of educational opportunity. Empirical evidence from the recent OECD PISA research is analysed to suggest that causes of the primary effect are the most important. The case is made with close reference to Goldthorpe's attempt to provide a rational action model of social disparities in education. An approach informed by scientific realism is held to offer a more adequate explanation.  相似文献   
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