《巴黎圣母院》的性虐色彩——透视一种文化现象

性虐活动是欧洲古往今来特有的文化现象,本文认为,这种现象在雨果的《巴黎圣母院》中时有隐现,小说中加西莫多受鞭刑和克罗德观看对爱斯梅哈尔达的拷问并自虐致伤等情节隐含着性虐色彩,这和渗透在欧洲绘画雕塑中的性虐艺术趣味相似,透现出一种苦乐相生、痛快相承的残酷痛苦之美。     

Bringing Aid Management Closer to Reality: The Experience of Danish Bilateral Development Cooperation

In 2003, the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs undertook a decentralisation of the management of bilateral aid to the embassies in major partner countries. However, while decentralisation appears to live up to the principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the specific delegation of responsibilities as well as the political context of aid management may jeopardise the intended contribution to effective development co‐operation. This article explores some factors potentially limiting the usefulness of decentralised aid management in the Danish case, and discusses certain intra‐organisational dynamics and extra‐organisational pressures influencing ‘donor effectiveness’.     

Organising for Donor Effectiveness: An Analytical Framework for Improving Aid Effectiveness

Donors have lagged behind aid recipients in adhering to the principles of aid effectiveness. Explaining the reasons for this demands greater awareness of organisational attributes within donor entities. To date, there have been only limited attempts to relate donor organisational factors to aid‐effectiveness goals. This article elaborates on a number of such relationships based on an empirical examination of donor dynamics in Norway, the UK and Canada. Donor effectiveness provides an important lens through which to build a robust post‐Busan global partnership.     

无产阶级政权建设规律的初步探索

马克思从揭示人类社会发展规律的角度,通过对世界上第一次出现的无产阶级政权——巴黎公社的分析和总结,阐述了科学社会主义政权建设理论,提出了一些基本政治原则。他指出:建立一个真正的人民国家是无产阶级专政的基础和前提;以责任制廉价政府代替官僚等级制政府是其主要形式;以议行合一原则取代分权制衡原则的权力分配形式可以保证国家机构的政治效能。中国共产党在长期执政实践中积累了丰富的执政经验,党的十九大提出中国特色社会主义已进入新时代。在此契机下重新研读马克思经典著作,对认识和把握中国共产党执政新飞跃、实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化有着重大现实意义。     

A body passes by: the flâneur and the senses in nineteenth-century London and Paris

Abstract

The flâneur is well-known for being the most emblematic nineteenth-century observer of urban life. Critics have often compared the flâneur to a camera eye which records everything and insisted on the predominance of sight over other senses in the cognitive process. This article emphasises the embodiedness of the flâneur’s vision, which is an experience of all the senses. Urban public space can be envisaged as a ‘metabolic space,’ in which “the links between background and figures are very unstable” (Augoyard 1991). The moving body of the flâneur, which can adapt to this changing space, seems to be in an ideal position to apprehend the metabolic body of the city. The flâneur is not only a “transparent eye-ball” (Emerson 2003), he is “a living eye” which communicates with all the other senses and captures the whole experience of moving through the city. By looking at texts by Balzac, Baudelaire, Dickens and Charlotte Brontë, the article shows that flânerie is a sensory activity that shapes our perception of the city as much as the city shapes our own flâneries by transforming our bodies into scribes who write the “thicks and thins of the urban text” (de Certeau, 1984).     

Jewish power and powerlessness: Prague Zionists and the Paris Peace Conference

This article explores how perceptions of Jewish power shaped the negotiations between Czechoslovak leaders and Jewish minority representatives at the time of the Paris Peace Conference. In the aftermath of the First World War, Prague-based Zionists embarked on a mission to convince Czechoslovak elites that attacks on Jews were detrimental to the internal stability of the new state and to Czechoslovak interests abroad. As Edvard Bene?, the head of the Czechoslovak delegation in Paris, worked to cultivate an image of the new state as more “Western” and “civilised” than other successor states – a strategy meant to garner international support for Czechoslovak territorial demands and its projected absorption of large minority populations – Jewish activists encouraged his uncertainty with regard to Jews' influence on Western audiences and statesmen. They did so in order to convince him to accept their demands for special protection clauses for the new country's Jews. The paper thus shows that the unprecedented victimisation of Jews and the upsurge in antisemitism during and after the war coexisted with a new bold and public Jewish activism. Yet, Jewish leaders did not in the end have the ability to convince Bene? and his colleagues to give in to international Jewish demands for special protection. Instead, they sought to cultivate a strategic alliance between the state's Czech elite and the Jewish minority which centred on the claim that Czechoslovakia was a particularly welcoming and tolerant place for Jews, an image that would evolve into a significant component of the myth of Czechoslovakia as an island of democracy in Eastern Europe.     

巴黎文化产业的现状、特征与发展空间

“文化产业”作为当前经济活动的一个重要概念，在城市经济活动中发挥着越来越重要的影响。巴黎作为法国的历史、文化、经济中心，其“文化产业”从20世纪70年代以来随着城市经济的转型呈现蓬勃发展的势头。进入21世纪，巴黎“文化产业”的领域与空间也在不断变化与扩展。本文将试图对巴黎“文化产业”的发展作一梳理，以期对其“文化产业”的发展面貌作一阐释。     

大巴黎规划视角:低碳城市建设的启示

人类活动对自然的影响越来越大，同样全球气候的深刻变化日益影响着人类的生存和发展。西欧，作为全球环保意识最高的地区，其城市发展也充分体现了与环境友好相处的特征。2009年4月，法国公布了新的对巴黎地区进行改造的宏伟计划——“大巴黎计划”，其中城市改造的“低碳”理念为未来大都市的发展提供了很好的借鉴。     

人民公社失败的制度经济学解理 ——一个分析框架及其应用

本文通过构建一个"产权结构-计量能力-环境特性-经济绩效"的制度分析框架,揭示了人民公社组织制度低效率的根源,并引入"柠檬市场"模型从监督成本的维度解析了败德行为造成人民公社失败的生成机理.     

“大跃进”时期的河南农村公共食堂

农村公共食堂是“大跃进”时期人民公社化的产物。公共食堂严重脱离20世纪50年代末中国社会生产力水平,因而不是经济发展的结果,而是靠政治压力强迫农民建立起来的。河南省是全国人民公社化运动的发源地,农村公共食堂的数量和比例均居全国首位。河南农村公共食堂出现了种种问题,它的解散是必然的,但却经历了一个曲折的过程,付出了血的代价。农村公共食堂问题上血的历史教训,是值得深思和记取的。