论行政自由裁量权的法律控制

行政自由裁量权是行政机关拥有的一种行政权 ,在我国运用范围较为广泛 ,且有其合理存在的依据。但是 ,由于诸多方面的原因 ,又常常导致行政自由裁量权的滥用 ,为了实现依法行政 ,必须对行政自由裁量权进行控制     

行政自由裁量权的两面性及其控制路径

行政自由裁量权作为行政权的重要组成部分,在行政活动中扮演着独特的角色。随着社会事务的日益纷繁复杂,行政自由裁量权在大幅度膨胀的同时,也给人们的正当权益造成了威胁。因此应考察其存在的合理性和被滥用的可能性,从外部控制和行政自我控制等视角对其有效控制路径作出研析。     

日、德、中三国适用起诉便宜原则之比较

起诉便宜原则是现代各国刑事诉讼普遍确立的一项起诉原则.日本、德国、中国虽然同为大陆法系国家,但在适用起诉便宜原则的目的、范围和制约措施等方面却存在着明显的区别.比较、借鉴日、德两国有关起诉便宜原则的立法和司法经验,有利于中国酌定不起诉制度的完善.     

浅议精神损害赔偿举证责任制度的完善

作者分析了精神损害赔偿举证责任问题的现状,认为精神损害赔偿案件的受害者在事实上存在着举证困难的问题,如果局限于传统的民事诉讼举证责任原则,作为受害方可能无法进行有效的举证。因此,应当对精神损害赔偿举证责任问题作出特别规定,以切实维护受害者的合法权益。为了提高我国精神损害赔偿制度中的司法裁判的统一性,有效的保障当事人的合法权益,在精神损害赔偿案件中,应该从三个方面完善我国精神损害赔偿的举证责任制度:首先,慎重对待精神损害赔偿案件中的事实推定;其次,细化精神损害赔偿案件中的举证责任;第三,确立精神损害标准化的制度。     

行政诉讼履行法定职责实体判决论——以“尹荷玲案”为核心

“司法审查有限原则”是行政诉讼法的基本原则,这导致了“履行法定职责实体判决”存在争议。“尹荷玲案”不但证成了履行法定职责实体判决存在的正当性,而且明确了该判决适用的“双阶要件”,即“理由具备、事实清楚、法律规定明确”的一般要件,与“法效果唯一性”的特别要件。其中“法效果唯一性”分为两种情况:一是羁束行政行为,二是行政裁量收缩为零,这恰与《行政诉讼法》修改后“给付判决”与“履行判决”的规定相契合。纵观司法实践,重做判决、履行判决、给付判决形成了“程序性判决—提示性判决—履行法定职责实体判决”3种判决方式,体现了三者功能的相似性。作为实质化解争议的履行法定职责实体判决,也彰显了司法推动制度发展的功能。     

Measures of accountability and delegated discretion in activation work: lessons from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service

Activation work – the complex task of motivating, compelling and assisting marginalized citizens into labour market participation – pinpoints critical issues of discretion and accountability in the welfare state. Investigating accountability measures aimed at ensuring qualified discretionary judgements is therefore important. In this article, I discuss the reformed Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service and the accountability measures aimed at discretionary judgements of frontline workers. The conclusion is that, because activation tasks in the Norwegian frontline service imply professional discretion more than administrative discretion, structural measures aimed at restricting the discretionary space of frontline workers seem to have only limited impact. This is because the knowledge necessary to perform means – end judgements is insufficient. Rather, there seems to be a need for epistemic measures aimed at improving the knowledge base for professional discretionary reasoning.     

Resources reduction and welfare changes: tensions between social workers and organisations. The Italian case in child protection services

Within the field of studies on professionalism, this paper explores the changes in roles of social workers and the new tensions emerging in the relationship with their organisational contexts, due to the reduction of resources and the introduction of neoliberal and managerial policies in the welfare system. The paper is based on qualitative research carried out through 32 in-depth interviews with frontline social workers engaged in child and family services in Italy. The paper investigates how spending cuts have affected the relationship with the organisation arguing that the ways the cuts are implemented, as well as the room for professional recognition set by the organisation, are relevant. A four-character social worker typology is outlined, drawn from the intersection of two meaningful dimensions: sense of belonging and critical thinking. It is argued that a ‘critically engaged’ type points to a new form of professionalism that may emerge from the current crisis of the relationship between the organisation and social workers.     

The Subjectivity of Fairness: Managerial Discretion and Work–Life Balance

We use organizational justice theory to examine how perceptions of fairness affect the decision‐making process of line managers. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 35 Irish managers to explore how managers make organizational allocation decisions in cases where it is impractical to offer work–life balance accommodations to all employees. The findings suggest that firstly, managers construct the ‘life’ aspect of work–life balance within a heteronormative framework, where the emphasis is on caregiving and most usually parenting. Secondly, managers actively use their decision‐making powers around both formal and informal work–life balance supports to minimize injustice within their departments. By bringing together ideas about organizational justice and managerial decision‐making, we indicate how managers determine fairness through a decision‐making process narrowed by embedded gender role beliefs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

刑事自由裁量权存在的问题及规制——对法官在证据审查、事实认定、定罪量刑阶段裁量行为的分析

通过对刑事自由裁量权的具体表现进行分析,指出刑事自由裁量权运行中存在的一些问题,进而提出了规制法官刑事自由裁量权的具体内容,即加强司法能力建设,多措并举提高法官素质;明确自由裁量的原则和方法,使其在合理范围内运行;改革判决书制作模式,增加对裁量行为的说理;完善刑事法律及司法解释,实现立法及司法控制;建立健全监督制约机制,实现自律与他律相结合。     

论法律漏洞的填补

试从法律漏洞产生的原因与分类的角度来探讨法律漏洞的填补方法,以使法律在司法实践中得以更广泛地适用,从而实现法律的正义。