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Do exogenous economic shocks promote civil conflicts directly? Do they affect all the societies alike? The current approach presents a large sample panel data evidence not only on the effect of commodity export price shocks on conflict incidence, rather than onsets, but also on the joint impact of both ethnic and religious polarization and fractionalization on political instability. In this regard, we find out that in ethnically polarized societies, the commodity export price shocks increase violence. Nonetheless, in ethnically and religiously fractionalized societies (as well as religiously polarized), the effect of commodity export price shocks on civil conflicts depends on the type of income shocks and category of commodity. These findings contribute to the existing literature by illuminating the compound effect of both income shocks and social diversity on intrastate conflicts.  相似文献   
3.
I conducted a trust game in the field within a natural experiment paradigm to test the effects of urbanization on both in- and out-group trust. I found that urbanization has a larger positive effect on out-group trust than on in-group trust. My findings provide new knowledge to the literature on the intricacy of the urbanization-trust relationship and contribute to the ongoing discourse on the different foundations underpinning in-group and out-group trust.  相似文献   
4.
This paper aims to determine, by means of regression analysis, which exported product groups, categorized according to their technological intensity, have the greatest effect on the movements in the volume of GDP p/c of the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs). The analysis, based on statistical-econometric methodology, includes 16 commodity groups per each WBC (Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; FYR Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia). The data were collected and presented in accordance with the HS4 system classification, which is also used for development of the ITC’s Trade Map. The results of the analysis show that those commodity groups produced by medium-low and low technology industries have the greatest effect on the change in the volume of GDP p/c in all WBCs in the period 2005–2015.  相似文献   
5.
This study examined the differences in risk behavior between men and women using a household survey that captured the risk preferences of two members in a household and recorded wealth at the individual level instead of the usual approach of representing wealth at the household level. After controlling for commonly used explanatory variables, such as gender, education, age, and wealth, household fixed effects explain about 15% of the variation in risk behavior. This highlights the magnitude of household effects in shaping one’s risk behavior. In general, females in the study area are more risk averse than males based on a risk game with real payout. The gender differences disappear when focusing on only the top land owners. However, even in those cases, females consider themselves more risk averse, supporting results from previous studies that link culture and societal norms to the gender differences in risk behavior.  相似文献   
6.
电子商务交易中消费人群必须上网、诚信体系不完善、线上推广成本日益提升、物流配送覆盖有限等问题,均导致电子商务无法对传统线下销售形成颠覆性改变。这就导致业界中出现了线上交易与线下交易的结合方式,即O2O电子商务。本文从对消费者价值、对电商企业的角度分析了O2O电子商务模式发展的动力所在,并根据O2O的特点总结出适合采用O2O模式的商品类型即服务型和体验型的产品。其次,本文总结了O2O商务发展的遭到创新、诚信和线上流量等瓶颈,接着分析了单纯线上和线下企业发展O2O电子商务面临的挑战和问题。最后展望了O2O模式未来的发展,即未来的O2O将是一种多层次、多维度的复合生态体系,不断向多元化和纵深化发展。  相似文献   
7.
作为爱尔兰移民后裔,加之生活的颠沛流离,奥尼尔对文化身份的归属和认同有着强烈的需求。游走于各种思潮之间,奥尼尔自身成为了被不同文化定义的主体,身份的多重性与分裂性与现实的焦虑产生交集,让奥尼尔能通过《诗人的气质》全方位、多维度地展现两种文化、两个族裔之间的冲突、文化身份的困惑与迷茫,展开了奥尼尔式的文化叙事与身份建构。  相似文献   
8.
詹姆斯·奥康纳以制度批判为视角,通过分析资本主义的生产方式、基本矛盾、生态危机及其相互之间的关系,批判了资本主义制度的反生态本性。资本扩张的逻辑决定了资本主义在资本积累、扩大再生产、发展经济时必然要以牺牲生态环境为代价,并将自身的生态危机向全球扩散。资本主义的双重矛盾带来了经济与生态双重危机,资本主义依靠自身的力量无法摆脱双重危机的包围,结果必然是资本主义走向不可持续性的道路。奥康纳对资本主义制度的生态学批判既有积极的意义,也有一定的理论缺陷。  相似文献   
9.
We investigate whether exports to developed economies stimulate export sophistication (represented by UNCTAD’s index of export similarity) in developing countries. Results from fixed-effects estimations suggest that exporting to developed economies enhances the sophistication of exports in the exporting country but there are diminishing returns to this effect. We also find non-linear effects from FDI and income on export sophistication with the effect of income exhibiting diminishing returns which suggests that the gains from exporting to developed economies are higher for lower-income countries; i.e., as income increases, the gains taper off. We discuss the policy implications of these results.  相似文献   
10.
欧·亨利作为美国短篇小说一代巨匠,在世界文坛拥有巨大影响力。究其根源,十分重要的一方面即在于其小说中人物创设个性化的同时被赋予了广泛而深邃的象征意义,让人感受到强大的震撼与共鸣。文章通过选取欧·亨利成名之作的四部小说中的四位个性化人物并加以分析,以深化学界对其作品中人物象征意义的探究。  相似文献   
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