Quality strategies in supply chain alliances of disposable items

This paper studies a single-product distribution channel where a supplier manufactures items of a given type, some of which are defective, that are sold by a retailer who only detects a subset of the defective items, passing the rest along to customers. We conjecture the structure of the demand and cost functions, assuming customers to have a decreasing marginal aversion to bad quality while both the supplier and the retailer make marginally increasing efforts to avoid bad quality. This allows us to deduce several implicit parameters of a cost model based on observable data, such as the share of the channel margin. Once the parameters of the model are available, we analyze the result of vertical integration. Although we confirm the well-known fact that vertical integration improves the quality perceived by the customer, we characterize the supplier's decision of whether or not to provide a better quality in terms of the individual channel margins. As an alternative, we derive the conditions under which the supplier and the retailer may devise a mutually beneficial transfer contract that simultaneously increases their profit and improves quality.     

论当前权力滥用现象的表现、成因及防治对策

腐败的实质是对公共权力的滥用,反腐败的实质也应是反对公共权力的滥用,反腐败的重点应放到制约公共权力的滥用上。着重从权力的配置、授予、运作、监督制约等角度提出了制约权力滥用的对策和建议,以期对我党我国的反腐倡廉工作做出应有的贡献。     

交际策略的教学与运用

语言交际教学法的目的是提高学习者的交际能力。然而 ,作为交际能力的一个重要组成部分———策略能力 ,却被教师们忽略。交际策略的可教性依然是个有争议的问题。本文首先陈述交际策略的重要性 ,以便唤起教师的注意力 ;其次 ,分析影响学习者交际策略使用的因素 ;第三部分提出了交际策略的教学方法     

商业生态系统价值结构、企业角色与战略选择

与强调企业在商业生态系统中如何攫取领导地位的战略观不同,本文把研究重心放在了企业战略如何塑造成功商业生态系统上。首先,本文构建了成功商业生态系统的价值结构模型,为企业的战略选择提供了微观与宏观上的方向与路径。其次,本文讨论了与成功商业生态系统相匹配的企业角色,并结合价值结构模型定义了与企业角色相匹配的战略任务。最后,在此基础上,重点阐述了骨干型企业在如何塑造成功商业生态系统过程中具体的宏观战略选择路径与机制问题。     

Information and communications technologies, strategic asymmetry and national security

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This article discusses various asymmetries associated with institutions, nations and organizations that influence the ICT-national security nexus. Regulative, normative and cognitive institutions in a country provide various mechanisms that affect the nature of positive and negative asymmetries. Nations and organizations also differ in terms of their capability to assimilate ICT tools to gain positive asymmetries and deal with vulnerabilities of negative asymmetries. Integrative approaches that combine policy and technological measures at various levels are likely to make the world more secure.     

基于BSC和EVA整合战略管理的应用研究

战略管理是企业成功的关键所在。目前企业战略管理面临的一个最大问题是精心制定的战略无法得到有效的实施。本文引入平衡记分卡与经济增加值两个互补性很强的管理工具,运用层次分析法将其整合为公司全面的战略管理框架及其评价体系,以推动企业战略的成功实施。     

战略联盟模式选择的分析框架：资源、风险与结构模式间关系的概念模型

本文从公司在战略联盟中投入的不同种类资源的风险评价角度,综合考虑资源、风险及战略联盟的结构模式选择间的关系,形成了战略联盟结构模式选择的新的分析框架,提出了揭示三者间关系的概念模型及理论假说。本文认为,公司对战略联盟结构模式选择的偏好会受到管理者对未来公司在战略联盟中的各类风险的主观评价的影响,而公司对战略联盟投入的各类资源及其重要性是影响管理者对风险主观评价的重要因素。因此,应综合考虑战略联盟中所投入的不同种类资源及其所引发的风险大小以选择战略联盟的结构模式。     

企业家战略--培育创新能力的企业内部战略

近几年来,在超强竞争背景下国外兴起的企业家战略,是公司努力将组织各个层次的员工培育为普遍具有企业家精神、思维和行动的战略,是努力将整个公司转变为能够发挥员工企业家精神的战略.企业家公司以异质的企业家人力资本和企业家智力资产持续创新,破坏均衡,产生竞争优势和显著的业绩.企业家战略理论研究的是公司如何获得具有创新、变革、远见卓识和承担风险的能力,是对正在兴起的内部战略理论的丰富和发展.企业家战略与核心能力理论互相补充,并且改变了某些传统的战略管理观念.     

Strategic Shared Leadership and Organizational Dynamic Capabilities

We propose that the purposeful sharing of strategic decisions and the process of making and taking those between the dominant coalition of an organization (Strategic Shared Leadership or SSL thereafter), initiated and supported by a focal strategic leader or small team, engenders Organizational Dynamic Capabilities (ODCs) though the transfer of individually-residing DCs within the SSL team, the transformation -co-creation of novel ones and their embeddedness-institutionalization within the organization. It also enhances organizational cognition which mediates the relationship by enriching co-created ODCs and their capacity to deliver reliably change through sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. Accordingly, SSL serves as a co-creator and key predictor of the emergence of ODCs. This helps address the challenges of DCs to marry stability with change, be predictable and to be capable of predicting.     

CEOs’ temporal focus,firm strategic change,and performance: Insights from a paradox perspective

Recent research indicates that CEOs’ temporal focus (the degree to which individuals attend to the past, present, and future) is a critical predictor for strategic outcomes. Building on paradox theory and the attention-based view, we examine the implications of CEOs’ past and future focus for strategic change. Results from polynomial regression analysis reveal that CEOs who cognitively embrace both the past and the future at the same time engage more in strategic change. In addition, our results reveal that the positive strategic change−firm performance relationship is enhanced when CEOs’ past focus is high, whereas CEOs’ future focus mitigates the translation of strategic change into firm performance (when their past focus is low at the same time). In addition, supplemental analyses indicate that the impact of CEOs’ temporal focus turns out differently in stable and dynamic environments. Our study thus extends the literature on both individual’s temporal focus and strategic change.